10 LLOYD'S NATURAL HISTORV. 



FAM. XI. LIBYTTLEIDiE. 



k. Larvae smooth ; pupae suspended by the tail ; palpi very 

 large, beak-shaped. 



FAM. XII. ERYCINID^E. 



/. Larvae various ; pupae stiffly raised, or resting on a leaf, 

 or even suspended ; palpi normal. 



FAM. XIII. LYC^ENIDjE. 



D. Four perfect legs in the male, the front legs aborted , 

 tarsi ending in a horny point, densely spined on the inner 

 side. 



Six perfect legs in the female, the front legs smaller than the 

 others. 



FAM. XIV. HESPERID/E. 



E. Six perfect legs in both sexes ; tibiae of the hind legs 

 (with a few exceptions) spined ; pupae attached by threads, or 

 enclosed in a loose cocoon. 



The careful study which Schatz and Rober have devoted to 

 the Butterflies has led to much improvement in the arrange- 

 ment of genera, though I do not agree with all their conclu- 

 sions. 



In the first volume of the present work I treat of the 

 Nymphalidtz in their broad sense, i.e., Schatz' " Section B," 

 for I cannot ignore the many characters which seem to ally 

 the Papilionida with the Hesperidte (" Sections A and E " of 

 Schatz), and while adopting the sequence of families in his 

 " Section B," I prefer to treat them as sub-families. 



FAMILY I. NYMPHALID.E. 

 Egg. — Very variable in shape and texture. 

 Larva. — Cylindrical, often hairy, or furnished with branching 



