26 Lloyd's natural history. 



species as having a white band on the fore-wings iike Limndi 

 chrysippus, a character not found in any American Butterfly of 

 this group. 



GENUS TIRUMALA. 



Tirumala, Moore, Lepid. Ceylon, i., p. 4 (*SSo); id., Proc. 

 Zool. Soc. Lond., 1883, p. 230. 



TIRUMALA LIMNIACE. 

 {Plate V., Fig. 2.) 



Papilio timmacce, Cramer, Pap. Exot., i, p). 5S, figs. D., E. 



(i775)- 

 Danais //V;^/'^,Godart,Encycl.Me'th., ix., p. 191, no. 49 (1S1 9); 



Marsh, and De Nicev., Butterflies Ind., i., p. 4, P 1 - h fl £- 3 



(1882); Staud., Exot. Schmett., i., p. 49, pi. 24 (1885). 

 Tirumala limniacce, Moore, Lepid. Ceylon, i., p. 4, pi. i, fig. 3 



(1880). 

 Tirumala limniace, Moore, Lepid. Ind., i., p. 30, pi. 6, figs. 1, 



1 a, ib (1890: transf.). 

 We have figured this common East Indian ar:d African insect 

 as the representative of an extensive group of species (formerly 

 placed in the genus Danaus, but now divided into several 

 genera), which are of a brown colour, streaked and spotted with 

 green or blue. A nearly allied species to T. limniace is the Aus- 

 tralian Butterfly, T. hamata (Macleay), to which some authors 

 have erroneously applied the accounts given by travellers re- 

 specting the Bugong Moths. The Bugong Moth, however, of 

 which the Australians make cakes, is a true Moth (Agrotis spina, 

 Guenee), and has nothing to do with T. hamata. The larva of 

 T. limniace is yellowish-white, or yellowish-green, with a 

 yellow band on the sides, and two pairs of fleshy filaments, 

 streaked with black and greenish-white ; a long pair on the 



