IOO LLOYDS NATURAL HISTORY. 



black eyes with blue pupils on the hind-wings. This species 

 is found in Madeira and the Canaries, along with P. vulcania 

 and P. car J u i ; but it scarcely admits of a doubt that it has 

 been accidentally introduced from North America, as stray 

 specimens of P. virgmiensts have occasionally been taken in 

 England too ; and although it has hitherto only appeared 

 in the British Islands singly, at long intervals, it is quite 

 possible that if only a s : ngle brood happened to be reared in 

 England, the species might become naturalised with us. 



The Painted Lady measures two inches, or two and a half 

 inches across the wings, which are black at the base, and 

 otherwise of a tawny-orange, varying in intensity in different 

 specimens (sometimes with a slight pink shade in extremely 

 fresh ones), and streaked and spotted with black. The tip 

 of the fore-wings is broadly black, and marked with several 

 white spots, and the hind-margin is also black. On the hind- 

 wings the hind-margin is spotted with black, and within it is 

 an interrupted black line, followed by a row of round spots. 

 There is also a blue spot at the anal angle. On the under 

 surface, the fore-wings are pink, with the tip yellowish-grey, but 

 otherwise nearly the same as on the upper surface. The hind- 

 wings are yellowish-grey, marbled with different colours, and 

 marked with a large white triangular spot in the centre. There is 

 a bluish line, scarcely divided into spots, on the hind-margin ; 

 and within it are four black eyes in pale rings. The Butterfly 

 appears in summer and autumn. 



The larva is very spiny, of a brownish-grey colour, with 

 interrupted yellow lines along the sides. It is solitary, and 

 feeds on different species of thistle, also on nettle, mallow, 

 artichoke, and several other plants. 



The pupa is nearly of the same hue as the larva, but is 

 thickly spotted with gold. 



Like other species of the group, P. cardui sometimes ex- 



