232 Lloyd's natural history. 



or black, with a varying number of sub-marginal eyes, some- 

 times of considerable size, and marked with blue or white 

 pupils. We have but two species in England, H. semele and 

 H. hyperatithus, representing the two sections of the genus 

 respectively; but the genus is well represented in Europe and 

 Asia by much larger and handsomer species than ours. One 

 of the finest of the foreign species is H. parisatis (Kollar), 

 which is common in Western Asia, as far as the frontiers of 

 India. It is a large brown Butterfly, with a pale blue marginal 

 band on all the wings. 



THE GRAYLING. HIPPARCHIA SEMELE. 



{Plate XXXII., Figs. 1, 2, 3.) 



Papilio semele, Linn.. Syst. Nat. (x.), i., p. 474, no. 101 (1758); 



id. Faun. Suec. (ii.), p. 276, no. 1051 (1761) j Esper, 



Schmett., i., p. 114, pi- 8, fig- 1 (i777>- 

 Hipparchia semele, Steph., 111. Brit. Ent. Haust, i., p. 56 



(1827); Kirby, Eur. Butterflies and Moths, p. 29 (1S7S); 



Buckler, Larva? of Brit. Butterflies and Moths, p. 28, pi. 4, 



fig. 3(1886). 

 Satyrus semc 7 e, Lang, Butterflies of Europe, p. 277, pi. 67, fig. 4 



(1884); Barrett, Lepid. Brit. Isl , i., p. 222, pi. 30(1893). 

 The Grayling measures from an inch and three quarters to 

 two inches and three quarters across the wings, which are 

 brown, with tawny bands on the wings, darkest on the outer 

 side. The eyes of the fore-wings are well marked on both 

 sides, and that of the hind-wings is likewise distinct above. 

 The tawny markings of the fore-wings are more or less divided 

 into spots, and, in the male, are confined to the immediate 

 neighbourhood of the eyes. On the under surface, the tawny 

 colouring of the fore-wings extends to the base, being only 

 slightly interrupted by blackish markings ; the hind-wings are 

 brown beneath, with an irregular white transverse hand. 



