54 JililTISH APHIDES. 



comparatively rare winged forms, as well as the sub- 

 terranean, have been repeatedly bred in England. 



The occurrence of this pest at Hampstead has been 

 before noted. Prof. Westwood,* who was only ac- 

 quainted with the root-living state, named it in 1863 

 Peritymbia viUsami. 



Mr. McLachlan has had more recently under his 

 notice some vine leaves from Scotland, on one of which 

 (only one inch and a half across) he counted thirty- 

 five well-marked Phylloxera galls. If this vine had 

 been left to itself, doubtless it would in due time have 

 given forth those apterous forms which descend into 

 the earth to feed on the roots. 



Shortly after its appearance in England the insect 

 invaded France, showing itself first at Tarascon in Le 

 Gard, and then spreading through the Departments of 

 Vaucluse, du Yar, de l'Herault, and the valley of the 

 Rhone, and thence to Girond, Cognac, &c. Its march 

 since then has been continuous. 



Thus in 1880 the Phylloxera had spread over a large 

 portion of the wine-districts of France. The pest has 

 in great measure followed the course of the large rivers, 

 whose banks have been terraced for vines. All the 

 valley of the Rhone, from its debouch into the Medi- 

 terranean up to Dijon in the Cote d'Or, is infected. 

 A wide tract now spreads from Monaco and Nice, 

 beyond Montpellier, even to the Pyrenees ; and a broad 

 band of devastation extends in a line from Toulon to 

 La Rochelle in the north-west. In 1877 only twenty- 

 eight Departments had been visited, but in 18S0 these 

 had increased to thirty-nine. 



Messrs. W. and A. Gilbcy stated, in September, 1882, 

 that in some of the brandy-producing districts of les 

 Charentes the vineyards were giving way to cornfields. 

 Herault, which furnishes about one-fifth of all the wine 

 produced in France, is at this present time seriously 

 affected; and the same maybe said of the Gironde, 

 which has annually supplied Great Britain with six and 

 * J. W. Westwood, ' Gard. Cliron.,' p. 584, 1863—1868. 



