XXXYl INTRODUCTION. 



are not to be separated into distinct families ; and 

 therefore it is not clear why there should be any 

 sharp separation in the latter. 



In justification of the title given to this Mono- 

 graph, the following synonyms are appended ; being 

 the names of the authors who have included the 

 non-stridulous forms with the others, and who em- 

 ploy the term Cicad?e, or some implication of the 

 same word, to represent a general classification of 

 these Homoptera : — 



Linnaeus : Cicada. Sahlberg : Cicadarise. 

 Fabricius : ,, Kirschbaum: Cicadinen. 



Schrank : ,, Fieber : ,, 



Fallen : Cicadariae. Edwards : Cicadinae. 

 Burmeister : Cicadina. Scudder : Cicadellidse. 

 &c., &c. 



Dr. Fieber reduces the Cicadina) under eight 

 families, commencing with Membracidae, and pro- 

 ceeding to Fulgoridae he ends with the eighth family, 

 Jassida3. In the first division he makes two suId- 

 families, viz. (A) Tettigometridae, and (B) Fulgoridae. 

 Beyond these his manuscript, unfortunately for Science, 

 was left incomplete. 



Mr. J. Edwards makes fifteen sub-families, which I 

 here adopt. Fieber's work was published in 1872 and 

 1875 ; Mr. Edwards' Synopsis in 188G and 1887. 



Prof. Westwood, taking the three tarsal joints in 

 Cicada as primary characters in the group, names three 

 primary sections, thus : — 



Teimeea. 



Tarsi three-jointed. Antennae minute and setigerous. 



Wings areolate and semi-coriaceous. 



Fam. I. — Stridulantia, Biirm. 

 ,, II. — FuLGOKiDiE, Leach. 

 ,, III. — CERCopiDiE, Leach. 



