ALIMENTARY SYSTEM. llX 



the pumping action on plants, set up by these insects, is 

 effected by or through an expansion of this tube, just 

 before it unites with the stomach {vide Plate C, fig. 1 c). 

 This pouch constitutes the "crop " of some authors. 

 It is developed in all Cicadinae, but it can be well 

 seen in the larva of Aphrophora. 



The vegetable juices collected in the crop, pass into 

 the gizzard or pro-ventricle, v, where probably they 

 undergo some change, for the inner lining of the sac 

 is often curiously plicated. Thence the juices pass 

 into the first, and finally into the second and much 

 more attenuated, portion of the stomach, v\ If 

 present, the biliary vessels generally pour their secre- 

 tion into this viscus, just below the pylorus or intestinal 

 end of the stomach proper. 



In Aphrophora, the attenuated part of the stomach 

 returns, by a complete loop, to a place not far from the 

 cardiac entrance, where it then meets with the biliary 

 secretion, from the hepatic ducts, h, before it passes into 

 the ilium or colon, and finally to the coecum or rectum, r. 

 The chyme transuding through the walls of these 

 organs becomes free in the abdominal cavity, and thus 

 bathing all parts, it nourishes and invigorates them. 

 All parts seem to be kept in their places by the rami- 

 fications of the tracheae and the adipose tissue. 



The whole alimentary tube, from end to end, is 

 composed of three membranes, — the innermost, or 

 that in contact with the food, being thrown into folds, 

 to increase its surface ; whilst the outer part is covered 

 with tubercles, which Strauss calls glands, and probably 

 they are such. (Fig. 3, h). 



Aristotle says that the Tettix is cold-blooded, and 

 therefore it requires but little food ; hence its simple 

 tongue [and mouth without jaws ?j , through which it 

 " imbibes nutriment like the root of a tree." The 

 Tettiges he calls an " Atrophous race." (' De Partibus,' 

 viii. 21.) 



