3o8 LEPIVOPTERA. 



a series of white spots ; below this a broad dirty-white 

 spiracular stripe wliich contains a series of lead-cciloiired 

 spots, and also the spiracles — which are black — and extends 

 to the anal prolegs ; below this stripe is one of lead-colour 

 terminating before the anal prolegs ; ventral area dingy 

 honey-yellow. When very young quite black, but wlien 

 three weeks old the more ornamental colouring has begun 

 to appear. (,\dapted froniMr. K. Newman's description.) 



End of A]iril or beginning of May, to June ; on lUianMwa 

 catlturticus (buckthorn); when very young mining in a 

 young shoot and causing it to droop ; at a week old emerg- 

 ing from this, and lorniiiig a shelter by fastening two or 

 three young leaves together and hiding within ; later fasten- 

 ing two leaves together face to face, or rolling uj) a single 

 leaf, sometimes forming this retreat with considerable care, 

 always hiding within, and gnawing the inner surface of the 

 leaf and the parenchyma, but leaving the outer surface, which 

 soon withers and furnishes an indication of its ])i-esence ; 

 a])parently never biting through the leaf from the edge. 

 Tlu> winter is j)ass"d in the t^^^^ii state. 



I'lPA long and sit nder ; whole surface very glossy and 

 almost without scul])ture , wing covers swollen, somewliat 

 transparent, pale brown slightly tinged with green ; abdomen 

 evenly ta])ering ; anal structure swollen; cremaster short, 

 wedge-shaped, set with short bristles; general surface bright 

 red, thealxlomiual divisions and cremaster dark red. In an 

 earthen cocoon, or else among dead leaves on the ground. 



The moth hides during the day among its food plant, and 

 is rather sluggish ; its natural tlight is at late dusk and in 

 the night, when it Hies around the thickets of bushes among 

 which its food plant grows, found usually in chalk districts, 

 and sometimes commonly; also in fens ; and thus local, but 

 distributed in such suitable spots throiigh the southern 

 counties from Kent to Cornwall, in which last it is scarce, 

 and to Somerset, (Jloucestershire, Herefordshire. Bucks, 



