LARENTID.E—H VPSIPE TES. 367 



growth, remaininf^ quite small for two months, and when 

 full grown delaying long to spin up. In the Orkneys Mr. 

 McArthur found it feeding naturally upon heather as well as 

 on sallow. 



Pupa moderately stout, the tongue, limb, and antenna-cases 

 well marked and rather ridged, but scarcely sculptured ; 

 wing-covers very smooth and shiniug ; dorsal segments 

 having a rather narrow band of extremely fine pitting, but 

 at least one-half of each smooth and glossy, and the abdo- 

 minal segments entirely smooth and brilliantly shining ; anal 

 segment rather swollen ; cremaster conical, rather short, but 

 furnished with two long slender Iiooked spikes and a sur- 

 rounding of very fine hooked bristles ; whole surface bright 

 red-brown except the segmental divisions, which are paler, 

 and the spiracles, which are black. In a thin silken cocoon 

 among leaves and rubbish on the ground or under any loose 

 bit of bark on the trunk of a willow-tree, or even of a 

 poplar. 



In this condition through the winter. 



The moth frequents sallows growing in hedges as well as 

 those in open parts of woods ; and also the rows of willow- 

 trees so frequent in marshy or fenny districts, but is not 

 readily induced to fly during the day in response to the 

 beating-stick ; at early dusk, however, it flies of its own 

 accord, and again late at night. In some parts of iScotlaud 

 it seems to frequent heaths in a degree of plenty quite 

 unknown here. Never abundant elsewhere with us, but 

 widely distributed throughout the Southern, Eastern, and 

 Western Counties of Ilnglaud, except, perhaps, Oornwall ; 

 scarce and very local in the Midlands aiul north, but recorded 

 from Leicestershire, Staffordshire, and Derby.shire ; and also 

 from Cheshire, Lancashire, Yorkshire, Durham, Northumber- 

 land and Cumberland. In Wales recorded in the northern 

 portion near Maentrwrog, by Mr. A. P. Griffiths ; in 

 Flintshire and also in Glamorganshire. In Scotland widely 



