EARLY AUGUST AMONG THE ALPS. 93 



tawny on the upper wing surfaces, common perhaps to all when 

 fresh out, but it soon fades, probably owing to the cessation of 

 respiration and consequent loss of oxygen. The most noticeable 

 features in the comparison are the smallness of the spots and the 

 broad antemarginal suffusion, ashy-grey on the under sides, which 

 is more pronounced than on any other specimens I have seen. 



Judged by the gradual darkening of greys and browns of the 

 following forms of tiphon in my collection, as well as by the 

 gradual increase in number, size, clearness, and development of 

 the ocellated and other spots, I have arranged them as follows : — 



(1) Perthshire {= laidion, Bkh.). — Pale; spots few and 

 small, indistinctly ocellated, sometimes absent from the upper 

 wing surfaces, which are margined with whitish grey. 



(2) Merionethshire (= tiphon, Eott.). — Spots more nume- 

 rous, larger, and usually clearly ocellated. Upper wing surfaces 

 edged with ashy-grey. 



(3) North Lancashire {=philoxenus, Esp.). — Spots still 

 larger, and clearly ocellated. One specimen (a male) is sooty- 

 brown. 



(4) Cheshire, Delamere (= philoxenus, Esp.). — Darkest. 

 Spots largest, and clearly ocellated, the whitish encircling rings 

 on the lower wings (under sides) often touching each other. One 

 male is very sooty-brown. 



I have four specimens from this locality with the spots on 

 both sides lanceolated. For reference purposes, some years ago, 

 I proposed the varietal name of knc<'oZa^ws for this uncommon form. 



The only other butterfly we saw was C. pamphilus. One 

 specimen captured was unusually large. The experience of other 

 collectors may not support my observation, but I have no recol- 

 lection of seeing pamphilus on exactly the same ground as tiphon, 

 whatever the character of the locality might be. 

 Chester : Dec. 23rd, 1912. 



EARLY AUGUST AMONG THE ALPS. 

 By F. a. Oldaker, M.A., F.E.S. 



I spent the first fortnight of August, 1912, among the Alps, 

 and since the weather, during the first week at any rate, was 

 good enough to enable me to capture nearly two hundred butter- 

 flies, a short account of the trip may be of interest. 



I reached Lucerne in a deluge of rain about noon on August 

 2nd, and went by boat right through to Fluelen, seeing practi- 

 cally nothing all the way but an occasional blur of mountain 

 through the mist. I had intended to start walking from Fluelen 

 towards the St. Gothard, but decided to take the train as far as 

 Goschenen. When I arrived there it had partially cleared, 



