LIFE-HISTORY OF ARGYNNIS HECATE. 251 



medio-dorsal Hue and a lateral white stripe. The black head 

 is mottled on the crown with pearl-white, and the clypeus is 

 yellow. 



After fourth moult, fully grown, it measures 30-16 mm. long. 

 The head is black mottled with pearl-white and orange, face 

 black, clypeus orange ; beset with numerous finely pectinated 

 bristles of various lengths. Body slightly attenuated anteriorly, 

 more so posteriorly ; all the tubercles are pearl-white with deep 

 orange-amber bases amply beset with simple black-pointed 

 spines, and small blackish hairs and bristles are scattered over 

 the surface of the body. The segments are divided into four 

 subdivisions, the largest occupying the anterior half, which bear 

 the six tubercles, three on either side, which are dorsal, sub- 

 dorsal, and subspiracular ; the latter situated on a conspicuous 

 yellowish-white lateral stripe. The ground colour is pearly 

 whitish, vermiculated, speckled and checkered with purplish- 

 black ; a medio-dorsal longitudinal stripe of the same colour 

 extends the entire length, and terminates at the apex of the anal 

 conical point ; it is broken up at the segmental divisions. A 

 series of black bands extend between the dorsal and subdorsal 

 tubercles, one on each segment. The ventral surface is mottled 

 with purplish-brown and roughly granulated. 



The first larva became fully grown and ceased feeding on 

 May 24th ; it suspended itself on the 25th, and pupated May 

 27th. The larval existence occupying 111 days. 



The pupa measures 18 mm. long. Excepting its smaller 

 size it very closely resembles that of Argynnis laodice both in 

 form, colouring, and general structure. 



Dorsal view: Head with a pair of lateral angular horns, 

 base of wings with similar angulated points, inner margin with 

 a prominent ridge ; body narrowed across the middle, swollen at 

 hind margins, abdomen attenuated. 



Lateral view: Head beaked in front, thorax angular and 

 keeled, sunken at metathorax and base of abdomen, the latter 

 strongly curved posteriorly, which terminates in a truncated 

 cremaster furnished with hooks. Ventral surface of abdomen 

 almost straight ; wings bulging near apex ; antennae slightly 

 serrated at tip. 



The ground colour is pale pinkish-brown, entirely covered 

 with a fine reticulated fibrous pattern, and a dark ashy marginal 

 border to wings and a paler median bar. The abdomen is faintly 

 striped longitudinally with dusky-brown, one stripe enclosing the 

 spiracles, the other is subspiracular. There are two rows of 

 prominent dorsal conical points, those on the thoracic segments 

 and first and second abdominal segments are brilliant silver-gilt ; 

 on the fifth, sixth, and seventh segments is a very small medio- 

 dorsal point. 



The first one, which pupated on May 27th, produced a fine 



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