TRJFID^E. 213 



On the wing from the end of March till iMay, but by 

 far the most plentifully in the first half of April. 



Larva stout, cylindrical; head rounded, shining, pale 

 green dotted with brown ; body whitish-green irrorated with 

 white dots; dorsal and subdorsal lines white, the former 

 broad and conspicuous ; spiracular stripe broad, white, tinged 

 with yellow between the segments and shaded above with 

 black; front edge of the second segment white; uuder- 

 surface darker green ; tips of the prolegs tinged with red. 

 (C. Fenn.) 



April to June on oak, elm, sallow, apple and other fruit 

 trees, hawthorn, willow, and poplar ; feeding principally at 

 night, but hardly forsaking the leaves of the food-plant in the 

 daytime. 



Pupa short and stout ; eye and head covers and the edges 

 of the wing-cases rather full and prominent ; antenna-cases 

 ridged but not cross-barred, the whole of this front surface 

 very glossy, yet showing faint lines of sculpture here and 

 there, particularly at the edges of the wing-cases; dorsal 

 and abdominal regions rather more uniformly sculptured 

 with fine lines and pitting, yet very glossy ; the front edge 

 of the dorsal portion of each segment of the abdomen pre- 

 senting a line of larger pits ; cremaster very stout, armed 

 with two separate and rather divergent bristles. In a brittle 

 earthen cocoon underground, very often at the foot of a 

 tree. As in other species, the moth is perfected before 

 the winter ; Dr. Chapman has extracted it, alive, in October. 



The moth hides among dead leaves and herbage upon the 

 ground in the daytime, but has been known to fly vigorously 

 and in numbers to sallow bloom in hot sunshine. It visits 

 the same tempting bait at dusk in plenty, and tumbles off 

 it heavily into the inverted umbrella when the bush is 

 shaken. Like some of its allies, it soon seems to forsake 

 the sallow bloom, and then may be found at the flowers 



