336 LEPTDOPTERA. 



whortleberry, heather, and hawthorn ; feeding at night, and 

 said to hide during the day under leaves or on the stem of 

 the food-plant. The winter is passed in the egg-state. 



Pupa moderately stout, wing and limb-cases prominent, 

 abdominal incisions deeply cleft; anal extremity with a 

 minute bristle ; colour shining mahogany-red. In a compact 

 cocoon of silk and earth close to the surface of the ground. 

 (C. Fenn.) 



The moth is seldom seen in the daytime ; doubtless it 

 hides among herbage and dead leaves. At dusk it comes 

 freely to sugar in woods ; also to ivy-bloom, and is fond 

 of ripe blackberries — I once saw six beautiful specimens 

 hanging at the same time to one bunch of very ripe black- 

 berries at the edge of a large wood — and even rotten apples ; 

 but apparently will never come to light ; indeed I have seen 

 it commonly feeding close to a strong light of which it took 

 no notice whatever. Always in or near woods, and abundant 

 in most of those of the South of England, though less so in 

 Dorset and Cornwall ; also not plentiful in the Eastern 

 Counties and rather local in the Midlands, yet found 

 throughout England and Wales, where suitable conditions 

 exist. Very widely distributed in the South of Scotland to 

 Perthshire, and plentil'ul in Moray, also found in Sutherland- 

 shire, but not noticed in any of the Isles — which indeed are 

 not plentifully furnished with woods. Apparently very rare 

 in Ireland ; Mr. Kane records three specimens in Waterford 

 and one each in Wicklow, Galway, and Armagh. Abroad it 

 has a wide range through Central Europe, the temperate 

 portions of Northern Europe, Northern Italy, Corsica, 

 Southern Russia, Armenia, and the mountain regions of 

 Central Asia. 



2. O. ferruginea, ^cliiff; circellaris; Btaud. Cat. — 

 Expanse H to Ig inch. Pore wings orange-yellow or 

 reddish-buff, rippled with tawny, and with the nervures of 



