174 LEPIDOPTERA. 



costal and liiud margins broadly paler ; hind wings smoky 

 yellowish-white. 



Very variable in the ground colour, from yellowish-ochreous 

 to reddish-brown or umbreous, also in the degree in which the 

 markings are filled in with darker colour. One form, in 

 which the central band is filled up with blackish-brown, and 

 this colour is spread in a rather irregular clouding over the 

 middle area, is called by some entomologists a distinct species, 

 under the name of ccrasana, Duip. 



On the wing in June and July. 



Larva cylindrical, rather slender, pale green, with a 

 straight deep green dorsal line, and the divisions of the 

 segments very pale ; sides paler green than the back ; spots 

 shining, yellowish-white ; head very light green, with four 

 wedge-shaped black dots on its hinder edge, and some brown 

 lateral dots ; plates green. Variable, sometimes the raised 

 dots are black ; in other cases, when full grown, the black 

 dots of the head disappear. 



May and June on fruit trees of all kinds, also on birch, 

 oak, lime, poplar, sallow, and other trees, rolling the leaves 

 and feeding within. 



Pupa rather broad across the thorax, which is short ; 

 abdomen tapering but little, except toward the apex; wing- 

 covers dull; eye and limb-covers more shining ; these portions 

 dark red-brown ; abdomen lighter red-brown ; round each 

 segment is a row of points ; cremaster projecting, broad, flat 

 and squared, with hooked bristles in the middle and on each 

 side. In a cocoon of whitish silk, in the larval habitation. 



The moth hides usually in bushes, shrubs, and trees, espe- 

 cially in gardens, orchards, hedges, and open woodlands, and 

 is common everywhere, usually abundant, throughout the 

 United Kingdom. Abroad it has a wide range through 

 Central Europe, Scandinavia, Italy, Dalmatia, Asia Minor, 

 North east India, Eastern Siberia, China, Japan, and the 

 Korea. 



