2l8 LEPIDOPTERA. 



general surface also rouglieuecrwith dots of uplifted scales; 

 creamy-white faintly clouded in the middle with fulvous; 

 in the place of the usual discal spot is a flattened brown spot 

 placed below and between two more such spots, the three 

 forming a brown flattened triangle beneath the costa ; hind 

 margin faintly dotted with brown ; cilia white. Hind wings 

 smoky white. Female similar. 



Underside of the fore wings pale drab, of the hind wings white. 



The second generation, known as var. sco.hrana, has all the 

 white portions slate-grey, with the subcostal spots less dis- 

 tinctly marked, but the hind margin dotted with black. It is 

 much more plentiful than the summer generation. 



On the wing in July and as a second generation from 

 September to November, and it is believed to appear again 

 in the spring. The late Mr. D'Orville, of Exeter, states that 

 it may be found through the winter concealed under fallen 

 leaves, and Mr. West seems to have obtained eggs from 

 spring examples. 



Larva pale green ; head, legs and dorsal plate black. (W. 

 West.) 



June and a second generation in August and early in 

 September ; on elm, between united leaves gnawing im- 

 partially the upper and under surfaces. Abroad it is said also 

 to feed upon pear and apple. 



Pupa small, shining pale red-brown ; the anal segment 

 blunt. In a silken cocoon among leaves. 



Fond of hiding during the day in thick elm hedges as well 

 as in the trees ; rather apt to drop or flutter to the ground 

 when beaten out. The second brood was long believed to be 

 a distinct species ; to which its very strikingly different 

 appearance strongly contributed, though the close similiarity 

 of the larva; and their identical mode of feeding seemed to 

 contradict this ; and it was not till 1877 that Mr. W. West, 

 of Greenwich, contrived to induce females of the summer 



