222 LEPIDOPTERA 



ings of this protean species would bo to occupy a large 

 portion of the space of the present volume. I have made a 

 faint attempt above to indicate the main directions of what 

 may be called typical forms. Very many of them have long 

 been named and described, at first as supposed new species, 

 more recently as recognisable varieties, and the latest effort 

 in this direction — by Mr. J. Adolphus Clark — has raised the 

 number of such named varieties of this one species to sixty- 

 five. Some of the forms are of singular beauty, more 

 especially those with extensive snow-white spotting and 

 dusting on the disk. 



On the wing from August to November, and a very small 

 proportion hybernate and appear again in April and May. 



Larva " dirty gi-een ; between united leaves of hawthorn 

 in July." (W. Machin, 1874.) "I have again reared this 

 species from larvae found between united leaves of haw- 

 thorn." (1(1. 1875.) "The larva feeds in rolled-up leaves of 

 hawthorn, usually preferring old and mossy trees." (W. 

 Weston.) These seem to be the most definite records of the 

 rearing of this species upon which I can lay my hands. 

 Hartmann says upon Primus spinosa. Sorhagen confirms 

 this, and adds Ulnms, Scdix and Carpinus, of which the last- 

 named is the most probable. 



June and July. It is very remarkable that so little is 

 known of the earlier stages of so well-known a moth. 



The moth sits by day in trees and bushes, more particu- 

 larly in hawthorn when growing as trees, or occasionally in 

 hedges ; some collectors say also in blackthorns, and the 

 collectors who used, forty years ago, to find it freely in the 

 (now destroyed) Hainault forest, took it, as I understand, 

 mainly from hornbeam. Occasionally it is found in orchards. 

 It is readily beaten out in the day, but flies hastily to the 

 ground or some other hiding place; and certainly flies 

 naturally at night since it istakenoccasionallj- at light. Very 

 ii-regular in its ^appearances and extremely local. Its prin- 



