TORTR/CID.-E—PERONEA. 233 



beyond this first line frequently sprinkled or striped with 

 darker brown, or having blue-black dots placed in lines ; cilia 

 concolorous. Hind wings with their cilia pale smoke-colour. 

 Female similar and equally variable. 



Underside of the fore wings dull leaden-brown, or tawnj'- 

 brown ; costa dotted with white. Hind wings smoky white. 



Excessively variable, as pointed out above, wherever it 

 occurs, but having further developments which are far more 

 local ; a form which has the fore wings black, or nearly so, 

 and rippled with lustrous black lines — var. cirrana — is be- 

 coming comparatively common in the outskirts of London, 

 and is known from Scotland, Ireland, South Wales, and 

 Cheshire; another — var. albnnu — which is most beautifully 

 snow-white with dark costal blotches, seems to be much 

 scarcer, and confined to the North of England and of Ireland ; 

 another, much commoner and known as var. horana, is 

 singularly like P. 2Kr7)iutana, but rather smaller and with 

 colours less clear and bright. 



On the wing in July and August. 



Larva rather sluggish, cylindrical, but slightly flattened 

 in front, with deeply divided segments ; pale yellow or pale 

 green, with distinctly pulsating dark green or reddish- 

 brown dorsal vessel ; spots not visible : hairs minute ; head 

 shining yellowish-brown; plates pale yellow or green. 



July on hawthorn, rose, bramble, apple, sloe, cherry, 

 hazel, and elm ; also said by Sorhagen to feed on bilberry, 

 Potermm sanguisorha, and in the Alps on GotoncaMjir. 



Pupa rather slender, light brown ; abdominal spines ex- 

 tremely short and inconspicuous. In the larval habitation. 



The moth is to be found in hedges everywhere, and flies 

 out actively if the hedge or bush is struck ; also common 

 about fruit-trees ; and practically everywhere in the United 

 Kingdom, where its food-plants exist, except in the Shetland 



