TORTRICID^—PERONEA. 247 



second generation from August to October and after hyber- 

 nation from February till April. 



Lauva pale green with a darker dorsal vessel ; head jet 

 black, somewhat rugose and shining ; dorsal plate black, 

 narrowly pale on its anterior margin, with a slender dorsal 

 division ; spots raised and shining but concolorous. Some- 

 times the head is rich brown and the dorsal plate broadly 

 pale in front, or it has crescent shaped black marks behind. 

 (Wilkinson.) 



May and the beginning of June, and a second generation 

 from Jul}' till September ; on birch, oak, beech, aspen, alder, 

 and pear ; rolling up a leaf, or joining several together, and 

 feeding within. Pupating in the larval habitation. 



The moth is common in and near woods among birch and 

 oak and is readily beaten out and induced to flutter down in 

 the daytime. It remains out till very late in the autumn 

 and even well into a mild winter. It loves to hybernate 

 among thick masses of dead leaves, and in the bunches 

 of twigs which sometimes grow thickly where a tree has 

 been damaged. Here it may be found throughout the 

 winter. My own experience in this respect is confirmed by 

 Mr. Wm. Evans of Edinburgh, who writes : " I shake it out 

 of withered leaves and rubbish constanth' when hunting for 

 spiders in February and March." Through the spring also it 

 may be beaten out of bunches of dead leaves. 



Common in suitable places throughout England, Wales, 

 and Scotland to the Hebrides — indeed more plentiful in 

 northern districts than in the south. In Ireland recorded 

 from Wicklow, Cork, Kerry, Connemara, and Enniskillen. 

 Abroad it is found all over the continent of Europe, and in 

 North America, in Maine, Massachusetts, New York State, 

 Pennsylvania, Ohio, and Missouri. 



19. P. shepherdana, fslcph. — Expanse i to f inch 

 (12-16 mm.). Fore wings not broad, somewhat truncate, dark 



