OCT., 1890.] 



ITINERARY. 



11 



ated ill a desceiiding tongue of Shasta tirs between ascending tongues 

 of inaiizanita cbaparral, Just above the uppermost grove of ponderosa 

 pines, ou the boundary between the Canadian and Transition zones. 

 It is abundantly supplied with water from several small springs, from 

 which tiny streamlets run short distances before disappearing in the 

 thirsty soil. Some of these springs unite to form a small marsh, in 

 which flourish a number of plants not found elsewhere on the mountain. 

 It is naturally a favorite spot for birds, and more species were seen 

 here than elsewhere. Wagon Camii was occupied continuously by one 

 or more members of the party from July 15 to August 1, and at brief 

 intervals thereafter until October 3. 



A few days after reaching the mountain I set out on a trip around 

 the i)eak in order to become familiar with the general features of the 

 region and lay plans for the season's work. On this trip I was accom- 

 panied by Vernon Bailey, my most exjjerienced field assistant, and by a 



.■^ms^^sMkmss mmaK s. 



Fig. 2.— Shasta 1 1. m 



.1 .Mud Creek Canyon. 



voluntary assistant, Lyman L. Merriam. We took saddle horses and 

 a pack animal, which were of material aid, although we had much dif- 

 ficulty in getting them across some of the deep canyons and over the 

 indescribably rough lava on the west side of the mountain. 



Leaving Wagon Cam]) on the morning of July 21*, we ascended Pan- 

 ther Creek to its source, turned easterly through 'The [South] (rate,' 

 north of Gray and Red buttes, crossed Squaw Creek near its head, and 

 kept on among the timberline white-bark pines to the rim of Mud 

 Creek Canyon (pi. in), which we followed down into the Shasta lirs. 

 The first night was spent in the bottom of this canyon at an altitude 

 of 5,000 feet — some distance below the lower fall. The second day we 

 climbed the steep east bank of the canyon, here 1,000 feet deep (fig. 2), 

 crossed Cold Creek and Ash Creek Canyon below timberline, and reached 



