138 NORTH AMKKICAX FAUXA. [no.16. 



Abies shastensis Leiimioii. Shasta Fir. 



The dominant tree of the Canadian zone, coverin<;- the niiddh' si<)])es 

 and completely encircling the mountain in a solid belt about 2. ()(»() feet 

 in vertical breadth. Its npper border overlaps the lower edge of the 

 Hudsonian; its lower border, the up))er edge of the Transition. Along 

 Panther and Squaw creeks, on the south slope, it ranges from about 

 5,.")00 u}) to 7.500 feet, and on steep southwesterly slopes considerably 

 higher. (See pp. .3(»-38.) 



Abies concolor lowiana (^lurray) Lemmon. White Fir. 



Tlie common and only true tir of the basal slopes of Shasta, where 

 it occurs in moist places from the altitude of Wagon Camp (r),7(lO feet) 

 down to the very bottom of Sisson Valley at the base of Mount Eddy 

 (alt. 3,400 feet). It thus fills the Transition zone, except in places that 

 are too dry for it. (See p. 34.) 



Libocedrus decurrens Torrey. Incense Cedar. 



Common throughout the Transition zone forest of ponderosa pines, 

 except in the dryest places. (See ]). 35.) 



Chamaecyparis lawsoniana (Murray) Parlat. Lawson Cypress. 



Attributed to "the Shasta Mountains"' (Bot. Calif . II, p. 115, 1880), 

 but not found by us.' 



Juniperus nana Wi 11(1. Dwarf Alpine .Juniper. 



Fairly common in i)laces close to timberline, usually associated with 

 Pinus aJbicauUs in the upper ])art of the Hudsonian zone. On Shasta 

 it usually grows in snuill patches less than a foot high and, as a rule, 

 only a few feet in diameter; in the Olympics, on Mount K'ainier. and on 

 numerous other mountains it forms much larger patches. r.etween 

 Mud Creek Canyon and the high ridges above Squaw Creek, it uuslies 

 up to extreme timberline at 1»,800 feet, along with l^iniis nlhicaiili.s. 

 On the north side of Shasta and Shasfina it was found in crevices 

 among the sliarj) lava rocks at altitudes varying fiom S,;!(l(i to 0,(100 

 feet, and was common on the (Virions ^^//>/rrn^//.s ]»lain stretching west- 

 erly from 'Ncu'th (rate' to liolam Creek. 



Juniperus occidentalis Hooker. Westein Juniper. 



Abundant in the south end of Shasta \'alley, where it forms a forest 

 many miles in extent. Scattered trees begin 4 or 1. 1 miles easterly from 

 I'^dgewood, and become more and more i)lentilul to llie north until, at 

 a distance of about a miles south from l>ig Spring, they suddenly 

 become abundant and cover the whole country east of the main mass 

 of lava buttes, foi-ming a continnoiis junipei' forest wliieli tills t he south- 

 ern i)ai't of Shasta N'alleyaiid reaches noil liw anl, I am told, into Little 



' Aiiotluu' cyi)r«!ss iittril>iitecl to Sliastu Itut not seen by us is ^'(/^»-t'.v«/(.s inaciiahiaiia 

 Miirr., "orifriiinlly r(q)()rto(l by .I<-ll'i<'y from Mount Slmsta at 5,000 feet ;iltitn(b''' 

 (Bot. Calif.. II. p. 111. 1880). li; botli iiisf.iinrs, |,robal.l.\. Ilu- ti-nii 'Shasta' was uscl 

 in !i I'atber l(io.sr xmisc, as coNerinj;' adjacent ninimtains not then iiann'd. 



