144 NORTH AMERICAN FAUNA. [n'> 16. 



to the moist basins and strii)s boidciin^- the streams, as are Phyl- 

 Jixloce, LiifJ:e(i, and many others. (Identified by J. K. JSinall.) 



Eriogonum pyrolsefolium Hooker. Larjie-leaf Alpine Eriojionum. 



Abundant on the i)umice slopes of the lludsoniaii and Arctic-Alpine 

 zones, where it is associated with tlie foie;^()in,i; s])C('ies and \\ ith I'oly 

 (joiium sliastensc, I', ncicherrifij Pentstemoii daridsoiii, and others. It is 

 easily recognized ]»y its large roundish deej)green leaves, in striking 

 contrast to tlie much smaller whitish-tonientose leaves of its congener 

 and associate, Kr'ujoiniin pobijxKliDii. l>oth species are common all the 

 way around the mountain. The present species {pyrohrfoUuni) is rarely 

 found above an altitude of 9,500 feet, but on a warm slo])e east of Mud 

 Creek ('anyon \'ernon Bailey found it as high as 10,000 feet. It flow- 

 ered the second time above the head of S(]naw Creek the latter part of 

 Sei)tendier and was then in flower and fruit simultaneously. Its root 

 is large, thick, tapering, and moderately strong; it subdivides into 

 about half a dozen rootlets which ix'iietrate so dce]»ly into the soil 

 that it is difdcnlt to obtain si)ecimens without breaking them. The 

 longest root measured was 750 millimeters to the broken end. The 

 leaves reach about 30 millimeteis above the gioun<l; the fruit stems 

 70 millimeters. The old ind)ricating leaf stems remain attached for 

 several years and form a series of scales around the upper i)art of 

 the perennial rootstalk. 



Eriogonum nudum Dougl. Naked-stem Eriogonum. 



('ommon in the lower part of the Transition zone, ])articularly about 

 Sisson, where it was flowering plentifully as late as the end of Sep- 

 tember. It is easily recognized by ittj tall, green naked stems, which 

 rise from a buncli of large tomentose leaves. 



Oxyria digyna (Linn.) Alpine Sorrel. 



One of the characteristic alpine species, growing in cold spots among 

 the ro(^ks at high altitudes on all sides of the mountain; found by 

 Vernon Uailey as high as 11,200 feet. On the north side of Shastina 

 we collected it at 8,000 feet, and on the northeast side of Red ISutte as 

 low as 7,000 feet. This is the lowest station at which it was found, and 

 since Pinus albicaulis occurs above lied Butte the locality might be 

 mistaken to be below timbcrline, but the s<n-i-el grows only anu)ng the 

 rocks on the cold northeast slo])es, where there are no trees and where 

 the temperature is truly alpine. 



Polygonum shastense l>rewer. Shasta Polygonum. 



One of The commonest and most (!haracteristi<' ])lants of the stony 

 pumice slopes of the iludsonian and Alpine zones. A singular and 

 attractive i)lant, particularly in Sei)tcnd)er, when it is heavily laden with 

 white and red flowers and fruit. Asa rule the llowers are whitish, turn- 

 ing red as the fruit begins to develop. No two plants could well be more 

 different in general a|»pearance than lliis species and its congener and 



