OF THE AMAZON VALLKY. 515 



beautiful and wonderful, mimetic reseml)lan('es, and therefore probably every other kind 

 of adaptation in beings, are brought about by agencies similar to those we have here 

 discussed. 



IIELICONID/E. 



I have mentioned, in a note at p. 496, that I should follow the example of Dr. Felder 

 in separating the Danaoid Ileliconida; from the remainder of the family, and com- 

 l)ining them with the Danaldce. I shall, however, consider these groups as sub- 

 families, instead of families. The modifications in tlie classification thus introduced will 

 be seen by the following synopsis of the section llhoi)alocera. 



Order LEPIDOPrEllA. 



Section Rhopalocera. 



Family 1. Hesperid.*;. Six perfect legs in rf $ ; hind tibiae, with few exceptions, having; two pair of 

 spurs. Larva inhabiting a rolled-up leaf; pu[)a secured by many tlireads, or enclosed in a slijrht 

 cocoon. (These characters approximate the family to the Moths, or Ilctcrocera). 

 Family 2. Papilionid.e. Six perfect legs in S ?. Wing-cells (at least, of the hind wings) closed hy 

 perfect tubular nervules. Hind tibi;o with one pair of spurs. Pupa secured by the tail and a girdle 

 across the middle in an upright jiosition. (The Pupiliones have a leaf-like appendage to the fore tibia-, 

 as pointed out recently by Dr. Adolf Speyer ; the character ajiproximates the family to the IIcsperid.T and 

 Moths.) 

 Family A. Lycenid.e. Six perfect legs in 9; four in if ; the fore tarsi wanting the tarsal claws, but 

 densely spined beneath. Wing-cells (except in Euiiueus) not closed by perfect nervules. I'upa secured 

 by the tail and a girdle across the middle. 

 Family 4. Eryciniu.e. Six perfect legs in $ ; four in J ; the fore tarsi consisting oidy of one or two 

 joints, and spineless. 



Subfam. 1. Erycimn.e. Pupa recumbent, flattened beneath, secured by the tail and a girdle across 



the middle. 

 Subfam. 2. Stalachtin.e. Pupa not flattened beneath, secured rigidly by the tail in an inclined 



j)osition, without girdle. 

 Subfam. 3. Libyth j.in.e. Pupa suspended freely by the tail. 

 Family 5. Nymphalid.e. Fore legs imperfect in both sexes; in the 9 wanting the tarsal claws; in 

 the d the fore tarsi aborted, consisting of one or two joints. Pupa suspended freely by the tail. 



a. Lower disco-cellular nervule, especially of the hind wing, more or less atrojihied. 

 Subfam. 1. Nymphalin.e {Nymphalid(e, AgeronidiC, EuryteVid<e, and Morphidce, part, uf authors). 



b. Lower disco-cellular nervule perfect. 

 Subfam. 2. Helicomn.e. 



Subfam. 3. .\cr.t.in.e. 



Subfam. 4. Hua.ssolin.e. 



Subfam. 5. Satyri.n.e. 



Subfam. 6. Danain.e. 



The Danaoid Ileliconidcc, as before mentioned, are considered to stand at the iiead of 



