of the crude ore were made, two varie- 

 ties of blue, one of black, and one of 

 gray. The blue coloring is apparently 

 due to the presence of impurities; the 

 black ore is evidently magnetite; and 

 the steel-gray mineral, failing in the 

 characteristic properties of magnetite, 

 finds its class place under hematite. 

 Hematite differs from magnetite in 

 representing a higher degree of oxida- 

 tion. It is often found, as indicated 

 above, in beds distributed in close 

 conjunction with those of magnetite. 

 This ore is. a valuable source of iron. 

 Hematite commonly occurs in earthy 

 materials, as red ochre. Its streak is 



red. All rocks of a reddish or red 

 color owe the color to this oxide of 

 iron. 



When hematite rusts, the brownish- 

 yellow or yellow iron oxide, limonite, 

 results. The streak of limonite is yel- 

 low, thus distinguishing it from hema- 

 tite. Disseminated through beds of 

 clay, limonite gives them the charac- 

 teristic yellow color! Such clays turn 

 red when heated, since the watef of 

 the limonite is driven off, leaving 

 hematite as a residue. This is the ex- 

 planation of the usual coloring of 

 bricks. Yellow ochre is impure, or 

 earth)', limonite. 



WHEN ANIMALS ARE SEASICK. 



PHEBE WESTCOTT HUMPHREYS. 



ftNYONE who has traveled exten- 

 sively has had an opportunity 

 in some of the ocean voyages 

 to witness the seasickness of 

 animals, and many queer stories are 

 told from time to time of their actions 

 at such times — how lions become un- 

 kinglike, monkeys ape humanity, and 

 dogs are especially woeful — and one 

 realizes that human beings are not the 

 only ones that suffer from seasickness, 

 by any means. 



One hears a good deal about pangs 

 that have filled the men and women 

 with woe, but little is said of the men- 

 ageries brought to America every year, 

 or carried hither and yon in wave- 

 tossed boats. 



Lions and tigers may be majestic 

 when they have unwavering earth or 

 rock against their paws, but a seasick 

 cat of these tribes is as forlorn as any 

 man ever was, and doesn't look a bit 

 more kingly than a wet rabbit. Even 

 its roars and growls have a weeping 

 sound in them, quite in keeping with 

 the general appearance of the beast. 



A monkey is as pitiable an object 

 when it is seasick as any other beast so 



stricken, and its forlorn facial expres- 

 sion is so humanlike and the way it 

 clasps its paws across its stomach is so 

 natural that the man who is not seasick 

 necessarily sees something to laugh at 

 in the misery of the creature. Not so 

 with the seasick man. If he sees a 

 seasick monkey he is sure to get very 

 angry, thinking the poor thing is mock- 

 ing him. 



It takes a dog to be woeful at sea. 

 It has a way of doubling all up, with 

 its tail between its legs and its head 

 hanging down that shows a deep-seated 

 pain. To free itself the dog goes 

 through all sorts of contortions. It 

 will stretch out on the deck, groan and 

 whine, sometimes rising on its haunches 

 and lifting its head and howling long 

 and miserably, as some dogs do at the 

 sound of music. 



Many other animals show signs of 

 great distress when on the water in 

 rough weather, and any animal that is 

 thoroughly seasick will show almost 

 human signs of distress and appeal for 

 sympathy, yet one can scarcely help 

 laughing at their actions, even in the 

 face of their evident suffering. 



