:5C) WARBI.KR vSONGvS. 



The Chestnut-side also frequents brushy places, but more 

 wooded ones where the brush forms an under-brush. He 

 shuns swamps, for the most part, as well as villages, prefer- 

 ring the woods ; yet he regularly visits the college campus — 

 that Mecca of the Warbler host. 



His range is eastern North America, west to the Plains, 

 and north to Manitoba and southern Ontario, breeding in the 

 northern part of the range. 



American Redstart. Sctophaga mticilla. r587. 



In general tone and quality there is a strong resemblance to 

 the Yellow, but the range of variation is greater, and the song 

 distinctly belongs to the " ringing aisles" of the woods. The 

 commoner utterance can be recalled b}- die che chc c/ic-pa, the 

 last .syllable abruptly falling and weakening. A .soft, sweet 

 song is like zcce-scc, zvec-see-ii'cc\ with a suggestion, at least, of 

 lower pitch for the last syllable. Mr. Chapman represents a 

 strongly accented song by r/z/z/j,'" clung cliec, ser-wee, szctr, 

 swee-e-e-e. The fundamental difference between this bird's 

 song and that of the Yellow Warbler is that there is a ten- 

 dency to acceleration in the Yellow, w^hile there is always a 

 retard in Redstart. But even more distinctive, the two are not 

 found in the same situations. Redstart builds him a hou.se 

 within the woods, singing to the accompaniment of his own 

 echo. 



It is well known now that the female of this species sings 

 at least the more simple of the variations. I have never heard 

 her sing the staccato described by Mr. Chapman. 



My observations all point to continuous song from the 

 early May arrival well into August, but Mr. Bicknell has 

 found that there may or may not be a period of silence in July, 

 followed by a second song period in August. 



The Red.start inhabits the whole of North America to Fort 

 Simpson, west regularly to the Great Basin, irregularly to 

 California. It breeds from the middle of the United States 

 noi'thward. 



Magnolia Warbler. Dcndroica maculosa. (557. 



Here the song differs from Yellow Warbler in ending in a 

 fallins: inflection and from the Redstart in having the first 



