KoHr,ER I'iRDS OF EsSEX CoUNTY. 191 



(35) Cyanocitta cristata. — [Blue Jay. A common permanent res- 

 ident. Most abundant in spring and autumn. Have no record of 

 its nesting in the county. 



(36) Co/'r//.s" hraehiirln/iicllo-'^. — American Crow. A conunon per- 

 manent resident. Nests througlumt the county in tlie more rural 

 sections. 



(37) Stiinius ndf/aris. — Starling. Formerly (luite rare, but now 

 aii abundant permanent resident. Nests in deserted woodpecker 

 holes, hollow trees, bird boxes and on the station poles of the tele- 

 phone companies. Have record of seven conflicts between these 

 birds and CoUiptcs- u. liiteus and SiaJia sialis wherein the last two 

 named species have been ousted by these exotics. They have one 

 very appai'ent redeeming feature, which covers ui» a lot of their 

 misdemeanors, such as demoralizing our own birds, roosting over 

 the sidewalks in the shade trees and on the jirotected eaves of 

 buildings and making misightly marks from their excrement, and 

 various other objectionable practices, and this is their relentless 

 war upon the /'(/s'sf/- (JoinesticKx. Since these I»irds have become 

 abundant the sparrows have been continually harassed and are 

 seeking new sections where they may live undisturbed. 



(3S) Ddliclioinj.r ornzirnnis. — Itobolink. A common transient 

 visitant. 



(39) M<iJotJii-Hf< (iter. — Cowbird. Conunon sunnner re-ident. 

 Have found their eggs in sets of Yireo olivaeeiist, Dcndroica (cstira 

 and Hctopliatid niticilhi. 



i-LO) Ayelaiiix iiluni'ireiis. — Red-winged Blackbird. A. common 

 summer resident. I'sually in the marshy sections. Have found it 

 breeding on the (ireat Piece and Newark Meadows and in Branch 

 Brook Park. 



(41) stiiniclld 111(1(111(1. — ^leadowlark. A common summer resi- 

 <l('ut. Also a rare winter visitant. Breeds in the si)arsely settled 

 pai'ts. 



(41') Icterus simriHs. — Orchard Oriole. Formerly a conunon 

 smnmer resident, now only a visitant. P^ound a nest and three young 

 in Bloomfield on May 30. ]!)(I4. 



(43) Icterus f/iilljula. — Baltimore Oriole. A conunon sunnner 

 resident. Nests throughout the county in all sections. 



(44) FjHplKunis edrdJiniis. — Busty Blackbird. A conunon visi- 

 tant diu'ing migrations. 



(4.")) Qiiiscdliis (iiiixciihi. — Purple (irackle. Our most common 

 blackbird. Has nested in P.loomtield for the past three years in a 

 patch of evergreens. 



