12(> The Wilson Bulletin— No. lia 



their nests iii her yard, in the summer of 1913. Eight 

 iiiBsting- pairs were located about McGregor that same 

 season. Miss Sherman continues in a recent letter, as fol- 

 lows : " They are much more abundant now, nearly every 

 yard with suitable shrubbery boasting a nesting pair of 

 cardinals." 



The same author says, " Its first appearance at Lans- 

 ing, Iowa, was early in November, 1913, as reported to me 

 by Miss Martlia H. HemeuAvay (See Wilson Bulletin for 

 Dec, 1913, — page 205). Several birds were seen by her. 

 It took seven years for the cardinal to advance from the 

 mouth of the Wisconsin Kiver near Wyalusing up to Lans- 

 ing, a distance of about thirty miles as the river flows." 



Concei'ning the progress of the same species in Wis- 

 consin, Miss Sherman says, " It was first reported from 

 Wyalusing in November, 1906. Next reported from Blue 

 River and Boscobel, Wis., in March, 1909. Following the 

 course of the Kickaj)oo River to the farm of Lee Wana- 

 maker a half mile north of Steuben, where they were fed in 

 winter and seen almost daily throughout the year, dating 

 from 1911. Farther up the Kickapoo at Gays Mills the 

 first cardinal was seen in December, 190S, by Miss Ellen 

 Hammond. A year later slie saw a pair of tliese birds six 

 miles north of Gays Mills. This carries the advance up the 

 Kickapoo about thirty-two miles or to about the same lati- 

 tude as Lansing has. 



" It is said to be a habit of the cardinal to follow the 

 course of rivers and smaller streams. This has been true 

 in nortliea stern Iowa. Its progress along the lowlands of 

 streams has been more rapid than westward of the Missis- 

 sippi to the bleak prairie lands where it now is well estab- 

 lished." * This record is certainly one which is a good 

 basis for furtlier study. And now let us turn to the re- 

 ports of Mr. Charles A. Russell, fonnerly of Harpers Fer- 

 rv, Iowa. 



* Sherman — Wilson Bulletin — Sept., 1913. 



