54 LEPIDOPTERA. 



pnrple triangular mark ; subdorsal and spiracular lines 

 threadlike, blackish ; dorsal spots slightly raised, black, those 

 on the ninth and tenth segments velvety-black ; head dark 

 brown, lower part of the face whitish-ochreous. 



Or — from Scotland — very j^ale whitish-ochreous — nearly 

 white — with a greenish tinge, vividly marbled with dark 

 brown and black ; an irregular series of black-edged dorsal 

 diamonds is continued on the sides ; there is a black spot on 

 the back of the third, fourth, tenth, eleventh, and twelfth 

 segments ; usual dorsal dots slightly raised ; on the twelfth 

 segment is a horseshoe-shaped projection edged behind with 

 dark brown ; fifth, seventh, and ninth segments much clouded 

 with dark rust colour ; head greyish-ochreous, its upper half 

 black ; anal segment brownish-grey. 



Or — also from Scotland — purplish-brown, marbled with 

 darker ; on the back is a series of ill-defined pale diamond- 

 shaped markings ; two brown spots upon the fifth segment ; 

 the hump on the twelfth segment is edged with black; and 

 the ninth is clouded with dark brown. (C. Fenn.) 



Another form is pale green with abundant irregular black, 

 or black-yellow, spots and streaks formed so as precisely to 

 resemble small lichens growing upon a bit of stick. Another 

 is greenish-grey with somewhat similar markings ; and inter- 

 mediates between all these forms occur. 



July to September, or even October, on birch, oak, haw- 

 thorn, hazel, sallow, willow, blackthorn, plum, beech, whortle- 

 berry, broom, and even on larch, juniper, and tree-lichens ; 

 feeding at night and arriving ver}^ slowly at full growth. 



Pupa moderately stout, thickest in the middle, the limb- 

 covers not strongly expressed, dull, hardly sculptured, but 

 roughened by excessively numerous minute depressions ; wing- 

 covers simply roughened, but having the nervures of the 

 wings indicated ; segments more glossy but almost covered 

 with minute pitting except the usual smooth hinder band 

 of each ; the whole mahogany-red, a little darkened on the 



