66 LEPIDOPTERA. 



colour, becoming more yellow from the second segment to 

 the mouth ; across the third segment was a row of red-brown 

 warts, the largest being on the sides ; on the sixth and ninth 

 segments large transverse red humps, and very small ones on 

 the eighth and twelfth ; lateral red warts on the fifth, sixth, 

 and seventh, and on the latter also a ventral hump ; legs 

 crimson-brown, third pair large. 



May or June to the beginning of August ; on ash {Fraxinus 

 excelsior), feeding at night, often eating round holes in the 

 leaves, especially when young. The day is spent stretched 

 out stiffly and obliquely from the ash-twig, and the green 

 smooth variety of the larva bears a most accurate resemblance 

 to the petiole of an ash-leaf. The other forms of larv^ are 

 not quite so much like an ash-twig, but this falling off from 

 protective resemblance has not apparently, as yet, produced 

 any predominance in the niimber of the smooth form. 



The winter is passed in the egg-state. The eggs in this 

 and the allied species ai'e of a very pretty rectangular form 

 — brick-shaped — and are laid in rows side by side, or in 

 patches of many such short rows. 



Pupa rather short, thickest in the middle, a little flattened 

 in front, but the antenna-cases ridged, and very fully sculp- 

 tured, with the form of the joints and pectinations ; eye- and 

 limb-covers sculptured with curved, or straight, and crossing 

 lines which appear as though a crusted white outer surface 

 had been cut into by all this sculpture to the actual green 

 skin ; the whole body is pale green, but has this whitish 

 superficial crust everywhere except upon the incisions of the 

 abdomen ; the wing-covers show the nervures in the green 

 inner colour, and between them fine incised lines in the 

 white ; abdominal segments broadly and abundantly pitted 

 and sculptured, so that the white crust is shown up almost 

 like fine porcelain ; cremaster elongated, greenish-white, 

 furnished with scattered, divergent, hooked, black-brown 

 bristles, by which it clings tightly to the wall of its cocoon. 



