88 LEPIDOPTERA. 



selection of ]»airs. But other interesting variations were 

 obtained, races of the species, for instance, of a definitely 

 brighter red, or paler colouring ; and by a divergence from 

 the original idea into artificial contrivances for forcing or 

 retarding the development of pupa?, considerable light was 

 thrown upon the causes of difference in colour, and of mark- 

 ings, in the first and second generations. But by no artificial 

 means has it been found possible, as yet, to produce any 

 form so extreme as that which I have described as in the 

 collection of the late Mr. F. Bond, which also was reared by 

 Mr. Merrifield, with several more, many years ago, but under 

 quite ordinary conditions, the only special circumstance being 

 that the eggs from which these unicolorous brown specimens 

 were produced came from that home of dark variations, the 

 South-West Riding of Yorkshire. 



2. S. lunaria, 8(Mff. — Expanse U to 2 inches. Fore 

 wings strongly elbowed behind ; hind wings deeply scalloped; 

 colour pale reddish-drab or reddish-white, dusted and clouded 

 with red-brown or pale chocolate, especially to the second 

 Hue, which is erect and straight ; apex tipped with choco- 

 late ; a black-edged white spot is on the middle of the hind 

 wings. 



Antennas of the male pectinated with solid ciliated teeth, 

 pale tawny ; palpi small, fulvous ; eyes leaden-black ; head 

 rough, dusky-white ; thorax not very broad, but iiutiy from 

 abundant loose raised fulvous scales ; abdomen small aud not 

 stout, smooth, pale fulvous ; lateral tufts minute ; anal tuft 

 small. Fore wings moderately broad, j^ai'tially truncate ; 

 costa faintly arched at the base, thence straight, or even 

 faintly hollowed before the apex, which is sharply augu- 

 lated ; hind margin below it crenulated, perpendicular to 

 below the middle of the wing, where is a strong outward 

 angle and a deep concavity, still crenulated, which reaches 

 the anal angle ; dorsal margin a little rounded, ciliated : 

 colour pale reddish-drab, reddish-white, or soft pale fulvous, 



