loo LEPIDOPTERA. 



especially if annoyed, and this vibratory motion is visible 

 in some degree when it is moving about. 



Pupa short and thick, very much thickest in the middle, 

 its back almost hunched ; squared in front ; abdominal seg- 

 ments rapidly tapering ; wing-covers thickened, wrinkled and 

 ribbed, dark red-brown, limb and antenna-covers similar, the 

 latter prominent and showing the pectinations of the 

 antennffi ; eyes black and prominent ; dorsal and abdominal 

 segments curiously rugose, yellow-brown mottled with 

 whitish-brown, spiracles black in i)aler rings; cremaster 

 black-brown ; short and rugged, furnished with spikes sur- 

 rounded with curled bristles. Suspended in a silken cocoon 

 of open network attached to a twig of its food plant, the 

 cocoon fitting so closely to it that the larva-skin when cast 

 off is simi)ly pushed Ijetween the meshes behind, and remains 

 attached to the bristles of the cremaster, exactly like a long 

 tail. 



The moth doubtless sits during the day in thick bushes of 

 honeysuckle, or jirivet, or in similar shelter, for it is very 

 seldom observed at that time; at dusk it flies gently and 

 softly in lanes, or at the edges of woods, or in their more 

 open portions. Both sexes are attracted by light. Never 

 very plentiful but found throughout the South, East, and 

 West of England not uncommonly, usually in wooded dis- 

 tricts ; more locally in the Midlands, and becoming scarce in 

 the North, yet recorded in Cumberland, and one specimen 

 each in Northumberland and Durham. There seems to be 

 no recorded instance of its occurrence beyond the border. 

 In Wales it probably occurs in all suitable woods, since I 

 have found it thus in Pembrokeshire, and it is known to 

 occur in North Wales. In Ireland there is a record in the 

 County Waterford, but this seems to require further corro- 

 boration. Abroad it is found throughout Central Europe, 

 the tem])erate portions of Northern Europe, Northern Italy, 



