BOARMID.'E—EPIONE. 103 



raised dots a]i]>ear black and distinct ; on the sixth segment 

 are two pale yellow oblique dashes forming a dorsal V, the 

 apex in front; spiracular stripe much waved or vandyked, 

 broad, conspicuously whitish or yellowish, emitting a whitish 

 dash, upwards and backwards, on each segment from the 

 fifth to the ninth ; spiracles black ; undersurface of a redder 

 brown than the ground colour, with a series of dark brown 

 V-shaped markings, the apex behind ; or with a row of brown 

 diamonds, outlined with darker brown. The small dorsal 

 protuberances on the twelfth segment tipped with ochreous 

 or yellow ; on the second to the fourth segment are thread- 

 like whitish subdorsal lines; the spiracular stripe, often 

 much interrupted, forms a series of lateral V's filled up with 

 dark olive, the apex of the V in front. 



Or, olive-brown shading into dark brown in front, and to 

 chocolate behind ; on the sixth segment are yellow oblique 

 spots ; the pale dorsal diamonds are very large, each with a 

 pair of black spots ; dorsal line darker brown, indistinct and 

 interrupted ; subdorsal spots distinct, white ; spiracular 

 stripe and dashes as in the other variety, but edged with a 

 deep olive-brown shade ; the yellow dorsal spots on the 

 twelfth segment are placed in a blackish blotch ; otherwise 

 as in the other form. 



July and August, sometimes September or even October, 

 on whortleberry, rose, sallow, dogwood and bramble. Hof- 

 mann says also on Mclampyrum and Fm(jaria in shady 

 woods. Feeding at night; remaining on its food-plant in 

 the day ; if disturbed dropping to hang on a thread of silk, 

 so coiled up as to resemble a morsel of dirt. 



Pupa very stout, much the thickest in the middle ; the 

 wing covers tumid, much wrinkled, and sculptured in fine 

 irreo-ular lines ; eye and head covers prominent ; antenna 

 covers raised into conspicuous ridges, and squarely sculp- 

 tured throughout into bars and pits; limb covers closely 

 appressed; all these portions olive-green, not very glossy; 



