BOARMID^—BOARMIA. 217 



O-enista tinctoria ; fonder of undergrowth than of trees ; feed- 

 ing principally at night, but remaining during the day upon 

 the twigs of its food plant. 



Pupa not very stout, decidedly glossy, eye-covers and 

 mouth-organs well marked, limb-covers very compact and not 

 conspicuous ; antenna-covers strongly cross-barred with 

 incised sculpture ; wing-covers abundantly furnished with 

 shallow and most minute incised lines ; back of the thorax 

 more distinctly so ; dorsal and abdominal segments coarsely 

 and abundantly pitted, except the hinder bands, which are 

 smooth and broad ; abdomen rather swollen and very little 

 tapering, but suddenly rounded off at the anal segment ; 

 cremaster standing out very distinctly, roughly granulated, 

 conical, finished off by a sharply pointed, and forked, stout 

 spike ; general colour red-brown ; cremaster dark brown. 

 In the earth, but scarcely provided with any cocoon. 



The moth sits by day on the trunks or branches of trees, 

 especially fir-trees, and in thick bushes and hedges ; it is 

 restless and easily disturbed, flying hurriedly away to some 

 similar hiding-place. In the noi'thern moor and island dis- 

 tricts, where trees are scarce, it sits among heather or on rocks 

 •or even walls. It flies naturally at dusk, and comes freely 

 to sugar placed on trees for the attraction of Noctiice, resting 

 upon it with the wings perpendicular and quite ready for 

 flight. Plentiful throughout the United Kingdom, and in 

 wooded districts usually abundant. Abroad it has an exten- 

 sive range, Central Europe, the temperate portions of 

 Northern Europe, Central and Northern Italy, Turkey, 

 Southern Russia, Bithynia, Armenia, Eastern Siberia, Tar- 

 tary. North West India, Afghanistan, Central, Western, and 

 North East China, and Japan — from the last-named very 

 fine forms are received, and known as B. angulifera. 



6. B. rhomboidaria, Schiff. ; gemmaria, Stand Cat. 

 — Expanse 1| to If inch. Fore wings rather silky, dull 



