30 LEPIDOPTERA. 



and receding, so as to form a pattern ; of these two very fine 

 ones down the middle of the back form the dorsal line ; on 

 either side is a darker brown line, and then another wavy 

 one, touching a broad, deep purplish stripe which occupies 

 the side from the head to the twelfth segment, where it is 

 extended upwards, and meeting the stripe from the other 

 side forms a V-mark pointing forwards, and bears the two 

 warts, which are of the same colour ; below the broad stripe 

 is a pale yellow thread, and below this a blackish-purple 

 thread ; in the spiracular region the front of each segment is 

 sulphur-yellow ; the hinder part dull ochreous ; here also are 

 indications of two fine purplish lines at the beginning and 

 termination of each segment, but leaving a clear space for 

 the black spiracles ; another line of the same colour below 

 thickens under each spiracle ; undersurface dark purplish- 

 brown, with a central pale yellowish stripe edged with black, 

 opening more widely, and enclosing a short black streak, in 

 the middle of each segment ; through the dark purple ventral 

 stripe is, on each side, a very fine pale yellow line ; head 

 horny, dull red, with a dark grey-brown band across the face ; 

 legs and hinder portion of the anal segment dull brownish- 

 ochreous. (Rev. J. Hellins.) 



Extremely variable, the yellow markings on the sides and 

 back assume, in some individuals, the form of regular stripes ; 

 in others are only visible as successive small spots. 



March or April till the end of May, or even June ; on oak, 

 birch, hawthorn, hornbeam, elm, lime, blackthorn, sallow, and 

 osier ; feeding principally at night, but remaining during the 

 day upon the tree ; falling off and hanging by a thread if 

 disturbed. 



Pupa stout in front, tapering rapidly behind, ending in a 

 stout spike with two fine points ; in the male the wing-cases 

 are short and the antenna-cases distinct, showing the pecti- 

 nations ; the skin smooth and shining, reddish-brown. In 

 a cocoon of brownish silk, slight but close in texture, covered 



