BOARMIDJE—HIBERNIA. 231 



with fine particles of earth, and placed just below the surface 

 of the ground. (Rev. J. Hellins.) The Rev. Joseph Greene 

 saj^s that it may be looked for best at roots of elm, in the 

 dry corners ; and should be searched for in September. 



The Qgg^ is laid early in the winter, and hatches in the 

 spring. 



The moth doubtless hides during the day among dead 

 leaves upon the ground, though an occasional specimen may 

 be found at the foot of a paling or on a tree trunk. At dusk 

 the males fly a little, rather lazily, and later may be found 

 hanging to twigs of hazel, oak, and other bushes, from which 

 they may be removed by the hand. Probably it is more active 

 late at night, and under some unexplained circumstances it 

 will take long flights ; indeed, Herr Gatke noticed on several 

 occasions, about the lighthouse at Heligoland, great multitudes 

 of this and the following species, which appeared to have 

 arrived there by a south-south-west wind. The female 

 seems to hide among moss and leaves, and to climb up the 

 bushes at night, where it may be found with the help of a 

 lantern. Usually confined to woods, especially those having 

 open spaces of undergrowth, but also to be met with in open 

 country where there is timber. Not usually considered a 

 very common species, yet found throughout England in 

 woods, and sometimes commonly even so far north as York- 

 shire ; doubtless also in most parts of Wales. In Scotland 

 it is not plentiful, but is found in suitable spots to Aberdeen- 

 shire in the east and to the Clyde Valley in the west ; in 

 Ireland scarce, but recorded from Tyrone, Monaghan, and 

 ^Fermanagh. Abroad its range is small, consisting of Central 

 Europe, Northern Italy, Corsica, Livonia, and Southern and 

 Eastern Russia. 



2. H. defoliaria, L. — Expanse H to If inch. Fore 

 wings yellowish-white or pale tawny, dusted or banded with 

 dark purple-brown or purple-red ; second line thick, black 

 or brown with three obtuse angles ; reniform stigma a black 



