BOARMW J-:— ABRAXAS. 269 



always confined to woods, aiid local, yet usually abundant 

 where it occurs. This, however, is not universal, its occurrence 

 in Surrey, Middlesex, and the South Coast counties seems 

 always to be casual only, and in single specimens ; but in 

 the beech-woods of Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire it is 

 found in abundance about the scattered wych-elms ; it 

 seems to occur locally in North Devon, and in abundance in 

 restricted spots in Somerset, Gloucestershire, and all the 

 other western counties to Cumberland ; also throughout the 

 Midland and Northern Counties to Northumberland, in many 

 of them plentifully in every wood; and in far smaller 

 numbers in the Eastern Counties. Of its range in Wales — 

 which must surely be considerable — I find no record, except 

 that I took it myself rarely, in Pembrokeshire. In Scotland 

 it seems to be restricted to the extreme South, the disti'icts 

 of the Tweed and Solway only ; Mr. G. Guthrie tells me 

 that in certain years it occurs plentifully near Hawick. 

 The record for Ireland is most singular — one specimen taken 

 in Carlow, in the collection of the Rev. John Bristowe, and 

 one from Killarney, in that of Mr. C. W. Watts. Abroad it 

 has a very extensive range, especially in hill and mountain 

 districts, through Central Europe, Northern Italy, Sweden, 

 Livonia, and Southern Russia ; Armenia, Tartary, Northern 

 India, Assam, Penang, Corea, Japan, and China. 



[A. pantaria, L. — A species very closely allied to the 

 whiter varieties of A. %dmata, but without any trace of the 

 grey clouding ; the basal blotch and costal and dorsal brown 

 spots smaller and much more yellow ; the head and thorax 

 also yellow. An inhabitant of Southern and Western Europe, 

 its larva feeding on ash. Of this species, Mr. Stainton says 

 in his " Manual," "Said to have occurred at Oakhampton 

 Park, Somerset," and Mr. Stephens, in his Illustrations, 

 " One of the rarest of our Geometrida: ; it has occurred in 

 the neighbourhood of Oakhampton Park, Somersetshire ; 

 and, according to Mr, Haworth, on the authority of the late 



