A CI DA LIID.^K-KPIl 3 'RA . 327 



Amono- the examples tigiirecl by Mr. Buckler is this second 

 form, ami a moaification thereof; also the light brown 

 e(|nivalent for the first variety above described, but unfor- 

 tunately no green form— which it must be concluded had 

 not come under his notice. 



Professor ronlton says that when this larva is half grown 

 it is brown in colour, and that it then, when at rest, hangs 

 very often from the edge or underside of a leaf, the body 

 being thrown into a spiral of one to one and a half turns, the 

 head downwards, and the whole appearance that of a brown 

 spiral larva-case hanging from a leaf. This twisted form he 

 found to be assumed not only while the larva rested during 

 the day, but also during the long period of quiescence pre- 

 ceding a change of skin. 



End of June and July, and as a partial second generation 

 in August and September; on birch, and occasionally on 

 alder and oak ; feeding principally at night. 



Pupa very like that of a butterfly; truncate at the head 

 which is the broadest portion ; tapering regularly to the anal 

 segment ; at each shoulder is a sharp point ; colour yellowish- 

 white, dusted with grey ; eye-covers a little prominent and 

 connected by a raised ridge ; limb-covers closely compacted, 

 all glossy and smooth ; antenna-cases cross-ribbed ; wmg- 

 covers rather flattened or hollowed, the nervures forming 

 longitudinal ridges, dull yet hardly sculptured, but a little 

 wrinkled ; along the back of each is a conspicuous black- 

 brown stripe; dorsal region very dull with minute roughnesses, 

 dotted with brown in four irregular lines, which are continued 

 down the back of the abdomen, and supplemented by others 

 along the line of the spiracles ; down the front of the abdo- 

 men is a broad purplish-brown stripe, and the surface is 

 dotted with minute sculpture rather wrinkled than pitted ; 

 the smooth hinder bands being paler and rather broad; 

 cremaster broad, conical, ridged above and beneath, and very 

 blunt, terminated by a minute bunch of curved bristles. 



