r.Y l'K()I'i;SSOK SIK T. \V. K. DAVID. K.I! K.. KTC. IJ5 



The Mindel or Kansan Glaciation, 250,000 B.C. to 280,000 



B.C. (possibly 360,000 to 400,C'00 B.C.). 

 Norfolkian, Aftonian, or Cromer, mild opoch, 280,000 



B.C. to 350.000 B.C. (possibly 400,000 to 470,000 



B.C.). 

 Gunz Glaciation. 350,000 B.C. to 380,000 B.C. (po'-5ibly 



470,000 to 500,000 B.C.). 



The estimates for the last mentioned phases of sjlacia- 

 tion, such as the Giinz and the Mindel, are necessarily only 

 very approximate. The age of the Giinz glaciation, for 

 example, may have been as far back as fully 500,000 years 

 ago. 



b. In Tasmania. 



In Tasmania there have been many workers who have 

 recorded evidences of the great Pleistocene glaciation of this 

 island, notably R. M. Johnston, C. Gould. C. P. Sprent, T. B. 

 Moore, M. E. J. Dunn, A. Montgomery, Graham Officer, 

 Lewis Balfour, E. G. Hogg, W. H. Twelvetrees, L. K. Ward, 

 Professor J. W. Gregory, Dr. F. Noetling, Dr. W. N. Benson, 

 Professor T. Griffith Taylor, Dr. Loftus Hills, Mr. Mackin- 

 tosh Reid, and Mr. Arndell Lewis. Professor J. W. Gregory 

 has also given a special account of the ai-ea near Queenstown 

 and Mount Lyell, Q.J.G.S. He concludes that the glacier ice 

 in the Linda Valley, near Gormanston, and near Queenstown, 

 came down to within about 900 to 1,100 feet of sea level. 

 Professor W. N. Benson has described in detail the Cradle 

 Mountain area, and concludes his valuable paper with a full 

 bibliography of Tasnianian Pleistocene glacial literature. (1) 

 Professor Griffith Taylor and Mr. Arndell Lewis agree that 

 thei'e are evidences of at least two, if not three, glacial 

 invasions of Tasmania during Pleistocene times. The 

 earliest apparent one "was by far the most considerable, 

 "and was followed by two later phases." This earlier 

 glaciation developed an ice sheet, which actually came down 

 to sea level at Port Davey, extended to below 1,000 feet above 

 sea level, in the neighbourhood of Gormanston and Queens- 

 town, and came down to within 100 feet or less of sea level 

 between the mouth of the Henty River and the Elden Valley. 

 Recent observations by Dr. Loftus Hills and the writer have 

 fully confirmed Mr. T. B. Moore's statement as to the down- 

 ward limit of the Pleistocene ice sheets, when at their 

 maximum development, in that part of Tasmania. So extensive 

 was this glaciation that fully a third of Tasmania was under 

 a more or less continuous ice sheet, with points like Barn 



