i 4 MALARIA 



lated bodies and the pigmented cells was furnished by 

 MacCallum in 1898. He found that the function of the 

 flagellated cells was that of an impregnating body ; 

 that each flagellum, of which there were several to 

 each cell, impregnated the spherical parasite. Mac- 

 Callum's observations were made on the Proteosoma 

 of birds, also known as "bird malaria." Using the 

 Proteosoma as a basis for his further observations, 

 Ross found that the pigmented cells migrating through 

 the stomach wall of the mosquito, 1 and encysting just 

 beneath the peritoneal lining, grew steadily for three 

 or four days, forming spindle-shaped bodies, which were 

 shed into the body cavity and in six or seven days after 

 feeding were found in vast numbers in the salivary 

 glands. 



Grassi's experiments and observations in the Roman 

 Campagna and Sicily proved that human malaria was 

 carried solely by Anopheline mosquitoes {Anopheles 

 claviger). Nuttall describes one of the early experi- 

 ments of Grassi and Bignami as follows : "Mosquitoes 

 comprising the three species, Culex penicillaris, Culex 

 malarice, and Anopheles claviger were collected at 

 Maccarese, a malarial foyer 22 miles from Rome on 

 the Civita Vecchia Road. The insects were brought 

 to Rome, where they were allowed to bite a patient 

 (who consented to the experiment) in the Santo 



1 It should be noted here that Culicine mosquitoes {Culex pipiens) are 

 tin- transmitters of Proteosoma, though inefficient as transmitters of Plas- 

 modium or human malaria. 



