— ,63 — 



by myself and placed next to Nudaria, ami am still of the opinion that 

 this is its proper position. In the small head with the large occiput and 

 the male genital armature it is much like Crocata. The antennae and 

 legs are much as in other Lithosians. The venation, though different 

 in some important respects from that of Crocota, (there being a subcostal 

 cell where there is none in Crocota, and but five subcostal veins where 

 in Crocota there are six), is still Lithosian in plan there being four med- 

 ian veins. On a fresh comparison of Euphanessa with European examples 

 of Nudaria I see no reason to doubt the clear subfamily relations of 

 the two genera. " 



In the Trans. Ento. Soc. London, 1877, p. 371, Mr. A. G. Butler 

 in a Catalogue of the Lithosiidae in the Brit. Museum places the insect 

 near Nudaria without comment. 



Having during the last few months given some study to the Geome 

 tridae, I have come to the conclusion that the proper and only possible 

 place of this insect is among the Geometridae, ana not among the l.om- 

 bycidae where it is placed by the authors above quoted. 



1st. — The larva is a true Geometer. The larva? of the Bombycidae 

 are, I believe, in no case Geometers. And those of Crocota and Nudaria 

 are not only not Geometers, but are more or less clothed with hair and 

 spines. From this characteristic Euphanessa is an anomaly among the 

 Bombycidac, and has no relation whatever to its so called nearest allies. 



2nd. — The pupa is just as anomalous if Euphanessa be placed 

 among the Bombycidae. The pupae were found in New Jersey by Mr. 

 J. B. Smith,- and the imagines emerged. The pupa skins are now in 

 my possession by his kindness. Both Crocota and Nudaria I am told 

 pupate in a cocoon. The pupa of Euphanessa was found under bark, en- 

 tirely without cocoon, girthed and suspended by the tail. The pupa un- 

 doubtedly went beneath the bark only for protection from the weather, 

 and was hanging free. The pupa of the Bombycidae are comparativelv 

 short and stout. That of Euphanessa is slender, angulate and elongated. 

 The pupa can thus properly be referred only to the Geometridae. There are 

 at least some corresponding examples, I have read of, among the Geo- 

 metridae of Europe, but I have heard of none among the Bombycidae. 

 Somewhat aberrant in the first family, it would be anomalous in the 

 second. 



3rd. — In habits the imago is entirely a Geometer. It is not only 

 easily disturbed during the day, but has the habit of hiding on the under 

 side of leaves, with the wings widely extended when at rest, and it has 

 the loose uncertain weak Geometrid flight. 



