"We learn from Capt. William Jack- 

 son, of the steamer 'Lizzie Henderson,' 

 that on his trip fronn Cedar Key, Tues- 

 day, he encountered a streak of poisoned 

 water, covered with all varieties of 

 dead fish, of more than a mile in extent, 

 off Indian Pass, between Clear Water and 

 Egmont Light. The captain says that a 

 very offensive smell arose from it, and 

 that a good many bottom fish, such as 

 eels, were floating dead on the surface. 

 We opine that this fact upsets the theory 

 of some as to this poisoned water being 

 fresh water from overflow on the main- 

 land, impregnated with poisoned vege- 

 table matter, as there are no streanns of 

 any size flowing into the Gulf near 

 where these fish were found." 



ANONYMOUS. 



1934. Chemicals repulse ravages of "red 

 tide." Sci. Amer. 15 1 (4):200-201. 



"Turning back the 'red tide,' which 

 periodically sweeps in from the sea to 

 wreak havoc with the pearl-oyster beds 

 along the coast of Japan, is one of the 

 nnost recent and romantic applications of 

 modern chemistry. Large areas of the 

 sea along the Ise Bay are used for the 

 cultivation of pearl-oysters and the 

 jewels produced by the crustaceans are 

 the basis of a large and prosperous 

 Japanese industry. But even the pearl 

 growers have their trials and tribula- 

 tions, for now and then the 'red tide' 

 appears--an onslaught of red micro- 

 organisms, so small that 25,000 of them 

 have plenty of room to circulate in a 

 single cubic centinneter of sea water. 

 But they color the water red- -and they 

 cause millions of dollars worth of 

 damage each year to the pearl-oyster 

 beds. 



"Japanese chemists have found that 

 they can halt the ravages of the 'red 

 tide' by diffusing certain chemicals 

 through the oyster bed. A solution of 

 ferric chloride does the trick; so does 

 chlorine gas. Motor boats have been 

 rigged up with apparatus to spread these 

 chennicals through the infested areas 

 by discharging a stream of them fronn 

 the stern of the boat in such a way that 

 they are churned into the water by the 

 propeller." 



ANONYMOUS. 



1953. Factors in "red tide" outbreak of 

 1952. Progr. Fish-Cult. I5(3):128. 



A two-paragraph note on progress in 

 research during 1952. 



ANONYMOUS. 



1956. The red tide--a progress report. 

 First Nat. Bank of Dunedin, Dunedin, 

 Fla., Bull. 1(6):1-11. 



"Similar occurrences of varying in- 

 tensity have been reported along 

 Florida's West Coast both before and 

 after the outbreak of 1947. Earliest 

 chronicle is by Capt. William Jackson. 

 On a trip from Cedar Key in 1842 he 

 encountered 'a streak of poisonous water 

 covered with all varieties of dead fish, 

 of more than a mile extent, off Indian 

 Pass, between Clearwater and Egmont 

 light.' Fish kills were reported subse- 

 quently in 1854, 1878, 1880, 1882, 1883, 

 1885, 1908, 1916, 1932, 1946-47, 1951, 

 1952, 1953 and 1954. There have been 

 independent recurrences within less than 

 one year of each other while periods of 

 at least fourteen years have elapsed 

 with no reported outbreak, [p. 3.] 



"...There are plans this summer 

 [1956] for further study with visible 

 tracing materials of the flow of river 

 discharge into the Gulf. . . ." [p. 11.] 



The 1842 date was doubtless 1882 

 (see Anonymous, 1883). 



ARMSTRONG, F.A.J., and G. T. BOALCH. 

 1961. The ultra-violet absorption of sea 

 water. J. Mar. Biol. Ass. U.K. 41(3): 

 591-597. 



Shows light absorption of micropore 

 (IfJ. ) filtered sea water at several wave 

 lengths and suggests differences be- 

 tween water from different localities 

 are due to organic matter. 



ARNOLD, EDGAR L., JR. 



1958. Gulf of Mexico plankton investiga- 

 tions: 1951-53. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv., 

 Spec. Sci. Rep. Fish. 269, vi + 53 p. 



Presents the volumes of plankton, 

 fish eggs, and fish larvae captured by 

 four types of collecting gear in 449 tows 

 from the research vessel Alaska in the 

 Gulf of Mexico from March 1951 to July 

 1953. 



BALLANTINE, DOROTHY, and B. C. ABBOTT. 

 1957. Toxic marine flagellates; their oc- 

 currence and physiological effects on 

 animals. J. Gen. Microbiol. 16(1):274- 

 281. 



This paper includes a map showing 

 "the world-wide distribution of 'red 

 tides' where mortalities have been 

 shown to occur. ... [p. 274.] 



20 



