outbreaks. He used data from Ketchum 

 and Keen (1948), Graham et al. (1954), 

 Chew (1953), Lackey and Hynes (1955), 

 and data takenby the Marine Laboratory, 

 not already published, from the vicinity 

 of Gasparilla Island in 1954 and 1955. 



Total phosphorus values showed great 

 variation that appeared to have no rela- 

 tion to red tide. For instance, a series 

 of 98 observations at 28 stations around 

 Gasparilla Island in the fall of 1952, 

 during a period without red tide, aver- 

 aged 14.74 ug.at./l., with a maximunn of 

 60 ug.at./l. These are higher values 

 than the few observations in sea water 

 from red-tide bloonns analyzed by 

 Ketchum and Keen (1948). 



The fact that some reports con- 

 sistently gave very low phosphorus 

 values, while others gave consistently 

 high values, causes us to speculate on 

 the difference in analytical techniques 

 that may have been used. 



The author stated, "In periods of Red 

 Tide outbreaks the total phosphorus con- 

 tent of a bloom, including the organisms 

 and particulate phosphorus, is lower 

 than the nnaximunn values recorded in 

 'normal' years and, with the exception 

 of Ketchum and Keen's values, is not 

 significantly different from the adjacent 

 areas with no Red Tide examined at the 

 same period. At many times and places 

 examined in the absence of Red Tides 

 or bloonns, Florida west coast waters 

 contained at least as much and often 

 more than the estimated order of mag- 

 nitude of total phosphorus contained in 

 a heavy plankton bloom. The total phos- 

 phorus values of Lackey and Hynes 

 (op. cit.) for Red Tide stations, which 

 were analyzed with the organisms in the 

 samples, are unusually low for anytype 

 of plankton bloom and there is no obvious 

 explanation for these figures." [p. 327- 

 328.] 



The author concluded, ". . .It is pos- 

 sible that the threshold level of total 

 phosphorus necessary to support dense 

 populations of this organism is lower 

 than originally assunned. The fact that 

 the waters under consideration are 

 usually rich in this mineral has perhaps 

 led to much of the confusion in dealing 

 with this problem. It seems very prob- 

 able that, insofar as phosphorus is con- 

 cerned, the areas of the west coast of 

 Florida which have recorded Red Tides 

 are, at all times, capable of supporting 

 an outbreak. Since the total phosphorus 

 content may no longer be considered a 

 limiting factor here it has no value in 

 predicting outbreaks." [p. 328.] 



BHIMACHAR, B. S., and P. C. GEORGE. 



1950. Abrupt set-backs in the fisheries of 



the Malabar and Kanara coasts and 

 "red water" phenomenon as their prob- 

 able cause. Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. 

 B31:339-50. [Cited by Ryther, 1955.] 



Describes a bloom of Noctiluca mil- 



22 



iaris occurring along the Malabar Coast 

 in October 1948, after the southwest 

 and before the northeast monsoon, dur- 

 ing calm, hot weather, with a salinity of 

 about 35 p.p.t. 



BONNOT, PAUL, and J. B. PHILLIPS. 



1938. Red water, its cause and occurrences. 

 Calif. Fish Game 24(l):55-59. 



"During the last three weeks in August 

 and the first two weeks in September, 

 1937, the ocean water from Pt. Sur to 

 Pt. Reyes was affected in varying degree 

 with red water. It was not distributed 

 uniformly throughout the above region 

 but appeared in streaks and patches. It 

 was first noted in Monterey Bay about 

 August 11, appearing as a streak paral- 

 leling shore. This streak was about 100 

 yards wide and commenced approxi- 

 mately 200 feet offshore. Later this was 

 scattered over a wider area, apparently 

 by tide and wind. Other streaks and 

 patches appeared farther offshore. 

 Fishernrien reported seeing this dis- 

 colored water as far south as Pt. Sur 

 and as far north as Pt. Reyes. Areas of 

 red water were also reported in the San 

 Pedro region by W. L. Scofield, so it 

 appears that other localities along the 

 Pacific Coast were affected at this time. 

 The presence of red water in the Monte- 

 rey region during the above period was 

 the nnost extensive and persistent plague 

 recorded for this area. 



"The organisms responsible for the 

 red water epidennic in the Monterey- 

 San Francisco region during August and 

 September, 1937, have been identified 

 by H. W. Graham of the Carnegie In- 

 stitution, Washington, D.C., as of the 

 genus Gonyaulax, species G. catanella 

 or a very sinnilar form." [p. 577] 



BRAARUD, TRYGVE. 



1945. A phytoplankton survey of the polluted 

 waters of inner Oslo Fjord. Hvalradets 

 Skr. 28, 142 p. [Cited from Ryther, 

 1955.] 



BRAARUD, TRYGVE. 



1951. Salinity as an ecological factor in 

 marine phytoplankton. Physiol. Plana- 

 tarium 4:28-34. [Cited by Ryther, 

 1955.] 



BRAARUD, T., and 1. PAPPAS. 



1951. Experimental studies on the dino- 

 flagellate Peridinium triquetrum (Ehrb.) 



