Tide Index Number was synthesized 

 from Apalachicola River runoff data 

 and air temperatures for several locali- 

 ties. The Index appears to have been 

 derived by working backward from ef- 

 fect to cause, and no measure was given 

 of its reliability. One of the chief dif- 

 ficulties in deciding on causal factors 

 has been the lack of good data on abun- 

 dance of red-tide organisms. 



His unsubstantiated theory requires 

 that chunks of Apalachicola "estuarine 

 water" move intact from Apalachicola 

 to the vicinity of Boca Grande Pass and 

 there acquire red-tide organisms. 



CHIDAMBARAM, K., and M. D. ANNY. 



1944. Note on the swarming of the plank- 

 tonic algae, Trichodesmium erythraeum 

 in the Pamban area and its effect on the 

 fauna. Curr.Sci., Bangalore, 13(10):263. 



CLASSEN, TH. 



1930. Periodisches Fischsterben in Walvis 

 Bay, South West Afrika. Palaeobiologica 

 3:1-13. 



CLEMENS, W. A. 



1935. Red "water-bloom" in British Colum- 

 bia waters. Nature 135(3412):473. 



"In Nature of September 22, 1934, 

 there is a communication from Mr. T. 

 John Hart describing the occurrence of 

 a red 'water-bloom' causedby Mesodin- 

 ium in South African seas. It may be 

 of interest to record an occurrence of 

 blood- red water at Nanaimo, British 

 Columbia, during the week of April 28, 

 1933. The water in a channel immedi- 

 ately north of the harbour was coloured 

 crimson red in great patches. Examina- 

 tion of a sample of the water revealed 

 a pure culture of a ciliate, identified by 

 Mr. G. H. Wailes as Mesodinium rub- 

 rum , Lohmann. 



"About this time oysters in Lady- 

 smith Harbour, fifteen miles south of 

 Nanaimo, were reported to contain red 

 'worms.' Investigation disclosed the 

 fact that the crystalline styles were 

 coated with a red colouring matter, 

 evidently as a result of feeding upon 

 Mesodinium . Examination of the styles 

 of local clams showed a similar condi- 

 tion. 



"The appearance of this 'bloom' of 

 Mesodinium followed a period of a 

 couple of weeks of bright, sunny, calm 

 weather. No discoloration was observed 

 in 1934." 



COLLIER, ALBERT W. 



1953a. Gulf Fishery Investigations. In An- 

 nual report for fiscal year 1953, Branch 

 of Fishery Biology, Fish Wildl. Serv., 

 p, 20-21. 



" Red tide research. --Data collected 

 during the November 1952 red tide out- 

 break, which also killed millions of 

 fishes off western Florida in 1946 and 

 1947 and has been ascribed to an excess 

 of the dinoflagellate Gymnodinium bre- 

 vis, show that Caloosahatchee River 

 effluents are important agents in such 

 blooms, and that organic content and 

 physical attributes cause such activity. 

 Experimental tank work indicates a 

 mass growth of dinoflagellates as well 

 as other organisms, requires high light 

 intensity, vitamin B12 and sulfides. 



"An examination of tidal streams, 

 marshes and estuaries produced Gym- 

 nodinium brevis in Barfield Bay, south 

 Florida. Field culture of this species 

 was unsuccessful. Water from Lake 

 Okeechobee was heavily loaded with dis- 

 solved organic materials. 



"Daily collections and physical and 

 chemical observations were made of 

 dinoflagellates in Galveston, Texas, la- 

 goons. Gymnodinium splendens , used in 

 experiments as nearest to Gymnodinium 

 brevis, was found. 



" Microbiology .- -Light levels above 

 those generally reported for algal cul- 

 ture have been found necessary for cul- 

 ture of some dinoflagellates indigenous 

 to the Gulf coast. A ten-fold increase is 

 now in use. Large-scale tank studies 

 have proved valuable adjuncts to stand- 

 ard tube and dish cultures. 



" Experimental ecology .-- These ex- 

 periments have been confined to a study 

 of red tide. Large tanks have been set 

 up for use as a 'stepping stone' from 

 test tube to open sea. Findings on light 

 level and value of certain inorganic 

 nutrients result from this approach. 

 These are important in analyzing inter- 

 species on relationships. This work 

 provides a basis for advanced studies 

 of larval shrimp and fish behavior, 

 survival and growth." [p. 21.] 



COLLIER, ALBERT. 



1953b. Titanium and zirconium in bloom of 

 Gymnodinium brevis Davis. Science 

 118(3064):329. 



Samples of water were analyzed from: 



1. A dense bloom of G. brevis 



2. Lake Okeechobee 



3. Central Gulf of Mexico 



4. A tidal lagoon at Galveston, Tex. 

 Titanium and zirconiunn were suf- 

 ficiently abundant in sample 1 to exceed 

 the sensitivity of the analytical method. 

 No traces of either could be detected 

 in the other four samples. 



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