In sector B (Venice almost to Naples) 

 the organisms approached bloom during 

 the first half of 1954 and bloomed from 

 July 1954 through February 1955, then 

 remained scarce until they bloomed 

 again during the last 4 months of 1957. 

 In sector C the organisms showed a 

 sudden increase to just below bloom 

 level from March through June 1954, 

 and then commenced blooming and con- 

 tinued through February 1955. Bloom 

 occurred again during the last 4 months 

 of 1957. 



In more than 9,000 samples, G. breve 

 was not found in salinities below 21 or 

 over 39 p.p.t., or at temperatures be- 

 low 10° or above 34° C. 



In simultaneous surface and bottom 

 samples G. breve was higher in the 

 surface samples. The great majority 

 of the samples were collected, how- 

 ever, between 8 a.m. and 5 p.m. 



". . . Since its incidence during non- 

 bloom periods is primarily confined to 

 offshore waters, the organism prob- 

 ably is more neritic than estuarine. 

 G. breve occurred in approximately 

 equal frequency in both estuarine and 

 neritic waters only during the red- 

 tide outbreaks in 1954 and 1957. The 

 offshore distribution usually extended 

 6-10 miles, although in March 1960 

 a bloom of 6,320,000/1. was detected 

 35 miles offshore (Hutton, 1960). During 

 the red-tide outbreak of 1954, Lackey 

 and Hynes (1955) reported G. breve 

 in samples collected 140 miles south- 

 west of Fort Myers, Fla. . . ." [p. 8.] 



H. 



and ALEXANDER 



FINUCANE, JOHN 

 DRAGOVICH. 

 1959. Counts of red tide organisms, Gym- 

 nodinium breve , and associated ocean- 

 ographic data from Florida west coast, 

 1954-57. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv., Spec, 

 Sci. Rep. Fish. 289, iv + 220 p. 



This report contains the original 

 data on counts of the red-tide orga- 

 nism, G. breve , and concomitant physi- 

 cal and chemical hydrographic data 

 collected from February 1954 through 

 June 1957, between Clearwater and 

 Marathon Key on the west coast of 

 Florida. Hydrographic data include 

 temperature, salinity, pH, copper, in- 

 organic and total phosphorus, nitrate- 

 nitrite, and carbohydrate and protein 

 equivalents. 



FINUCANE, JOHN H., GORDON R. RINCKE\ , 

 and CARL H. SALOMAN, 

 1 964. A collection of data in reference to red 

 tide outbreaks during 1963. 5. Mass 



mortality of marine animals during the 

 April 1963 red tide outbreak in Tampa 

 Bay, Florida. Fla. Bd. Conserv., Mar. 

 Lab., p. 97-107. 



Lethal concentrations of G. brev£ oc- 

 curred for about 2 weeks, April 3-16, 

 1963, in an area from the mouth to about 

 25 n-iiles inside Tampa Bay. No blooms 

 were detected in upper Hillsborough 

 Bay or Old Tampa Bay. Fifty-six species 

 of fish were killed, also blue crabs, 

 horseshoe crabs, and lancelets, but 

 dead shrimp were not seen. The authors 

 studied seine and trawl hauls made in 

 the area in 1962 and 1963 and concluded 

 that the effects of red tide on fish 

 populations appear to be rather limited. 



FISH, CHARLES J., and MARY CURTIS COBB, 

 1954. Noxious marine animals of the central 

 and western Pacific Ocean. Fish Wildl, 

 Serv., Res. Rep. 36:iii + 45 p. 



Includes a few references onredtide. 



FISHER, A, 



1956. The effect of copper- sulphate on some 

 microorganisms in fish ponds. 

 Bamidgeh, Bull. Fish Cult. Israel 

 8(2):21-27. 



Daphnia and Cyclops were not harmed 

 by 1 mg,/l. of copper sulphate; at 

 10 mg./l, Daphnia lived 35 hours. 

 Cyclops was less affected than Daphnia . 



FLORIDA STATE BOARD OF CONSERVATION. 

 1959. Red tide. Fla. State Bd. Conserv., 

 13th Bien. Rep. 1 957- 1 958, p. 1 1 . 



A general account of efforts to con- 

 trol the 1957 red-tide outbreak. 



FORTI, A. 



1933. 11 fenomeno de "lago di sangue" nello 

 stagno di Pergusa in Sicilia alia meta 

 di Settembre 1932, Nuovo Giorn. Bot. 

 Ital, 40(l):76-78, 



FRITSCH, F, E. 



1935. The structure and reproduction of the 

 algae. Vol. I. Univ, Press, Cannbridge, 

 791 p. 



Contains 176 references on Dino- 

 phyceae. 



GALTSOFF, PAUL S. 



1948. Red tide. Progress report on the 

 investigations of the cause of the mor- 

 tality of fish along the west coast of 



35 



