"Reports of red water on Campeche 

 Banks, off Yucatan, are made occa- 

 sionally by fishernnen in that area, but 

 to date it has not been possible to 

 ascertain the causative agent. . . ." 

 [p. 225.] 



GRAHAM, HERBERT W., JOHN M, AMISON, 



and KENNETH T. MARVIN. 



1954. Phosphorus content of waters along 



the west coast of Florida. Fish Wildl. 



Serv., Spec. Sci. Rep. Fish. 122, 



V + 43 p. 



Total, inorganic, and organic phos- 

 phorus was determined for waters of 

 the Peace and Caloosahatchee Rivers, 

 Charlotte Harbor, and 10 stations in 

 the Gulf of Mexico off the west coast 

 of Florida extending to 120 miles off- 

 shore. The period covered was May 1 949 

 to January 1951, inclusive. Water sam- 

 ples were also analyzed for salinity, 

 oxygen, and pH. This report contains 

 only the phosphorus data; the rennainder 

 were published by Marvin (1955). 



The authors stated, "No high degree 

 of accuracy is claimed for the analyses 

 of the river water, especially at Station 

 2 (Peace River). Concentrations there 

 were frequently so high that dilutions 

 with salt solutions were necessary. 

 Furthermore, yellowish or greenish 

 tints often developed in the samples 

 so that addition of dyestuffs to the 

 standards was necessary in order to 

 effect a match in color. 



"In an effort to clarify the water, 

 Sonne river samples were centrifuged. 

 It was found that not only the total, 

 i>ut also the inorganic phosphorus was 

 less in these samples, indicating that 

 some of the inorganic phosphorus oc- 

 curs in particulate form. . . ." [p. 2.] 



The authors pointed out the possible 

 role of Skujaella ( Trichodesmium ) in 

 concentrating phosphorus. ". . . This 

 filamentous blue-green alga is always 

 present in the plankton there and fre- 

 quently occurs in bloom proportions. 

 It grows in the water and on the sur- 

 face. . . . Its propensity for floating on 

 the surface is the feature which is of 

 importance to the present problem. . . . 



"Since it accumulates at the surface 

 it is driven by the wind. Sometimes it 

 piles up in such abundance as to create 

 a nuisance at bathing beaches. . . ." 

 [p. 40.] 



In four samples of water containing 

 blooms of Skujaella , the inorganic phos- 

 phorus ranged from 0.05 to .20ug.at./l ., 

 and the total phosphorus from 1.75 to 

 10.20 ug.at./l. A filtered portion of the 

 sample with 10.20 ug.at./l. showedonly 



2.35 ug.at./l. of total phosphorus and 

 only 0.05 of inorganic phosphorus. These 

 analyses indicated that the alga can 

 grow well in water containing scarcely 

 measurable inorganic phosphorus and 

 accumulate a highquantity of phosphorus 

 and that high values of phosphorus in 

 unfiltered samples of water containing 

 red tide may have little bearing on the 

 need for any specific amount for a bloom. 



The authors observed Skujaella float- 

 ing in bands several hundred yards 

 wide and miles long. They speculated 

 that if conditions at any time suddenly 

 became vinfavorable for Skujaella a 

 great mass of organic matter would 

 beconne available to decompose and 

 release large quantities of nutrients 

 that nnight cause blooms of other orga- 

 nisms. 



Their data show that the phosphorus- 

 rich waters of the Peace River do not 

 normally increase the phosphorus con- 

 tent of local Gulf water to any measurable 

 degree. The phosphorus in the surface 

 waters of the Gulf gradually decreases 

 out to a distance of about 85 miles. 



Phosphorus found in larger quantities 

 at depths below 50 m. was largely 

 inorganic. Limited upwelling of deep 

 water at certain times had no apparent 

 effect on the phosphorus content of 

 water in the euphotic zone. 



There was no evidence that bottom 

 sediments contributed appreciable quan- 

 tities of phosphorus to Gulf waters. 



GRAHAM, HERBERT W., and NATALIA 

 BRONIKOVSKY. 

 1944. The genus Ceratium in the Pacific 

 and North Atlantic Oceans. Carnegie 

 Inst., Wash., Publ. 565, 209 p. 



Mentions the tendency toward a higher 

 nunnber of species in areas lower in 

 phosphates, 



GRAN, H. H. 



1929. Investigation of the production of 

 plankton outside the Romsdalsfjord 

 1926-1927, 112 p. Cons. Perma. Int. 

 Explor. Mer, Rapp. Proc.-Verb. R^un. 

 56. [Cited from Ryther, 1955.] 



GULF COAST SHELLFISH SANITATION RE- 

 SEARCH CENTER. 

 1964. Adverse chemicals and toxins in the 

 marine environment and shellfish. U.S. 

 Public Health Service, Shellfish Sanit. 

 Res. Planning Conf. Feb. 25-26, 1964. 

 Dauphin Island, Ala,, 9 p. 



In December 1962 several illnesses 

 reported to the Sarasota County Board 

 of Health were thought to have been 



38 



