of a small freighter reported dead 

 fish from Dry Tortugas to Fort Myers, 

 After the end of January 1947, no 

 further reports were received of dead 

 fish until April 2, when they were 

 reported from Cape Florida to Mara- 

 thon and west almost to Key West. 

 Later fish mortality was reported south 

 of the Keys in some places but appar- 

 ently it had disappeared by the end of 

 April. Total area covered by the out- 

 break was from Sarasota to the Florida 

 Keys, and duration was from November 

 1946 to the latter half of August 1947. 



Mortality occurred in turtles, bottle- 

 nose dolphin ( Tursiops truncatus ), Bala- 

 nus , oysters, coquinas ( Donax ), Penaeus , 

 crabs ( Callinectes sapidus most com- 

 mon), and about 25 species of fishes. 



The estimate of 50 million fish killed 

 (Gunter, Smith, and Williams, 1947) 

 was revised to 500 million. The num- 

 ber of dead fish averaged about one 

 per square yard up to 4 or 5 miles off- 

 shore and about one per acre 10 miles 

 offshore. 



The average maximum air tempera- 

 ture at Fort Myers for the 4 months 

 of October 1946 through January 1947 

 was abnormally warm- -6.0° F. above 

 the 55- year average. The hurricane of 

 October 7, 1946, might also be impli- 

 cated. 



GUNTHER, E. R. 



1936. A report on oceanographical investi- 

 gations in the Peru coastal current. 

 DiscoveryRep. 13:107-276. [Citedfrom 

 Pomeroy et al., 1946.] 



east coast of Cape Peninsula was caused 

 by a ciliate he thought belonged to the 

 genus Mesodinium . 



HART, T. JOHN. 



1942. Phytoplankton periodicity in Antarctic 

 surface waters. Discovery Rep. 

 21:261-356. 



HASLE, GRETHE RYTTER. 



1950. Phototactic vertical migration innna- 

 rine dinoflagellates. Oikos 2:162-175. 



HASLE, GRETHE RYTTER, 



1954. More on phototactic diurnal migration 

 in marine dinoflagellates. Nytt Mag. 

 Bot. 2:139-147. [Cited from Pomeroy 

 et al., 1956.] 



HAXO, F. T., and BEATRICE M. SWEENEY. 



1955. Bioluminescence in Gonyaulax polye- 

 dra. In Frank H. Johnson (editor). The 

 luminescence of biological systenns, 

 p. 415-420. Amer. Ass. Advance. Sci., 

 Washington, D.C. 



Gonyaulax polyedra may need other 

 vitamins in addition to Bj2> thiamine, 

 and biotin. 



HAYES, HELEN LANDAU, and THOMAS S. 

 AUSTIN. 



1951. The distribution of discolored sea 

 water. Tex. J. Sci. 3(4):530-541 . 



Contains 225 references pertaining 

 to the occurrence and causes of the 

 overblooming of plankton, with special 

 emphasis on dinoflagellates. 



Upwelling of water into photic zone 

 is given as a source of nutrients. 



HALE, FRANK E. 



1950. The use of copper sulphate in control 

 of microscopic organisms. Phelps 

 Dodge Refining Corp., New York, 43 p. 



HARRISON, EDWARD F. 



1957. A study of the so-called red tide in 

 the Gulf of Mexico. Privately printed, 

 6 p. 



Suggests controlling red tide by dyna- 

 miting the nnud lunaps off the mouth 

 of the Mississippi River and then vio- 

 lently agitating the water with water 

 jets to liberate trapped gases. 



HART, T. JOHN. 



1934. Red "water-bloom" in South African 

 seas. Nature 134(3386):459-460. 



In nnid-July 1934 a blood-red dis- 

 coloration along several nniles of the 



HELA, ILMO. 



1955. Ecological observations on a locally 

 limited red tide bloom. Bull. Mar. Sci. 

 Gulf Carib. 5(4):269-291. 



The study was made to determine the 

 effect of passes in generating red-tide 

 outbreaks. On p. 270 it is stated, "Thus 

 it was possible to perform observations 

 under the actual conditions of an initial 

 Red Tide outbreak." The sampling was 

 apparently done only from November 

 30 to December 2, 1954, however, 

 and the outbreak was under way some- 

 what earlier. At their station B (Station 

 B29 in Finucane and Dragovich, 1959) 

 counts of G. breve were 30,000 per 

 liter on November 24, and at their 

 station X5, where they counted 60,000, 

 the count on November 24 was 140,000. 



The author attempted to explain the 

 patchiness of G. breve concentrations 

 by stating that the ebb tide flows westerly 

 (actually southwesterly) down Boca 

 Grande Channel, and suggested that the 



40 



