million per liter between Cape Romano 

 and Englewood. On March 23, counts 

 were over 6 million per liter 15 to 35 

 miles west of Egmont Key. 



2. Gynnnodinium s pi end ens Lebour. 

 On March 27 several square miles were 

 discolored south of Gandy Bridge in 

 Tampa Bay with counts of more than 

 5 nnillion per liter (no apparent damage 

 to fish). 



3. Acartia tonsa Dana and Labidocera 



aestiva Wheeler. 



These Crustacea 



caused a streak of reddish brown water 

 1 1/2 miles west of Big Sarasota Pass 

 on March 29. No dead fish were seen. 

 Counts of A. tonsa were over 350,000 

 per liter, but L. aestiva was much less 

 abundant. 



ICHIYE, T. 



1962. Circulation and water mass distribu- 

 tion in the Gulf of Mexico. Fla. State 

 Univ., Oceanogr. Inst., Contr. 190, 76p, 



INGERSOLL, ERNEST. 



1882. On the fish-mortality in the Gulf of 

 Mexico. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 4:74-80. 



He attempted to discover facts con- 

 cerning fish kills that had occurred in 

 1880 and came up with the following 

 information from talking with residents: 



1) As far back as 1844 [in 1844?] a 

 widespread destruction occurred. 



2) This occurred again in 1854. 



3) This has occurred at intervals 

 since, to a less degree. 



4) In 1878 an "excessive fatality" 

 occurred, probably more destructive 

 than the later visitation of 1880. He 

 placed so much emphasis on the death 

 of sponges in 1878 that one wonders 

 whether the 1878 incident was red tide 

 or a sponge disease. 



5) Even the cooler half of 1879 was 

 not exempt from some appearance of 

 the plague. 



6) The 1880 red tide appeared in 

 August immediately following "the 

 terrible hurricane which is known as 

 the 'August Gale.' " Fish died along 

 the southern shore of Tampa Bay and 

 Egmont Key south to Shark River, 

 south to Bahia Honda Passage, and 

 beyond Key West. 



7) At Egmont Key the first dead fish 

 occurred on October 17, 1880, and the 

 red tide was in full swing by October 

 25. Fish continued to die for 6 weeks, 

 at a decreasing daily rate. 



". . . there was immense quantities 

 of fresh water coming down the bay, 

 and the water here [Egmont Key] was 

 nearly fresh on the surface, while the 

 water underneath was perfectly salt. . . . 



it continued to blow from the south 

 and west until the 11th of October. . . ." 

 [p. 77.] 



A report containing raw hydrographic 

 data obtained in an area north of Key 

 West from Cape Sable to Dry Tortugas 

 {July-December, 1961). 



INGLE, ROBERT M. 



1954. Irritant gases associated with red 

 tide. Univ. Miami, Mar. Lab., Spec. 

 Serv. Bull. 9, 4 p. 



Gives blooming of Gymnodinium 

 brevis as the cause of irritant gases on 

 beaches of Florida's west coast. The 

 author said that gases are given off 

 only if red-tide waters are heated or 

 agitated. The theory is discounted that 

 the poisonous gases bring about growth 

 of G. brevis . Irritant effects are only 

 temporary and "do not appear unless 

 wind-driven waves with associated water 

 vapor and droplets exist." [p. 1.] 



INGLE, ROBERT M., and DONALD P. 

 deSYLVA. 



1955. The red tide. Fla. State Bd. Conserv., 

 Educ. Ser. 1, 30 p. [Revision of 1948 

 edition.] 



For general information of the public. 



INGLE, R. M., R. F. HUTTON, H.E.SHAFER, 



JR., and R. GOSS. 



1959. The airplane as an instrument in 



marine research. Part I. Dinoflagel- 



late blooms. Fla. State Bd. Conserv., 



Spec. Sci. Rep. 3, 25 p. 



The authors reported that semicircu- 

 lar surface structures were common 

 features of the 1957 red-tide outbreak 

 near the mouths of passes. "The muddy 

 bay water . . . lay proximal to the pass. 

 Dead fish were not abundant in the 

 muddy less saline water. Typically, the 

 interface between the water masses was 

 filled with a line of dead fish. [p. 3.] 



"In every case observed by the au- 

 thors (R.M.I, and R.F.H.) thediscolored 

 water, denoting a high concentration of 

 dinoflagellates, was found from the in- 

 terface and extending seaward. 



"Because of their role in concentrat- 

 ing nutrients and dinoflagellates, and 

 due to their frequency of occurrence, 

 interfaces may well serve to rejuvenate 

 and sustain red tides once they begin. If 

 this is true, control measures directed 

 to the specific areas of junction of dis- 

 similar water masses may serve a 

 useful purpose." [p. 5.] 



43 



