itself against diffusion only if its repro- 

 ductive rate exceeds the leakage, which 

 is of the order of magnitude of the ratio 

 of the diffusivity to the square of the 

 extent of the region in the direction of 

 most rapid diffusion." [p. 146.] 



KING, GLADYS S. 



1950. Production of red tide in the labora- 

 tory. Gulf Carib. Fish. Inst., 2d Annu. 

 Sess.: 107-109. 



Specimens of Gyminodinium breve 

 could not be obtained, but bacteria-free 

 cultures were made of G. simplex and 

 Plagicampa marina . Inorganic phos- 

 phates and nitrates had no growth- 

 promoting effects. The organisms would 

 grow in an entirely synthetic medium 

 which contains artificial sea water and 

 amino acids added as pure chemicals. 



It was recommended that dissolved 

 organic nitrogenous matter in Gulf water 

 be investigated as a clue to blooms. 



KING, JOSEPH E. 



1950. A preliminary report on the plankton 

 of the west coast of Florida. Quart, 

 J. Fla. Acad. Sci. 12(2):109- 1 37. 



Describes, in general, plankton forms 

 of the west coast of Florida, especially 

 dinoflagellates. Samples were taken 

 from January to October, 1949. Clarke- 

 Bumpus plankton sampler was used for 

 quantitative sampling. Seventy-five 

 samples were collected, and listings 

 of plankton taken were given. Although 

 four species of Gymnodinium were 

 listed, G. breve was not included, possi- 

 bly because all samples were centrifuged 

 at 2,000 r.p.m. for 5 minutes, which 

 might destroy the fragile red-tide 

 organism. 



KOCZY, F. F., M.O. RINKEL, and S. J. 

 NISKIN. 

 1960. The current patterns on the Tortugas 

 shrimp grounds. Proc. Gulf Carib. 

 Fish. Inst., 12th Annu. Sess.: 112-125. 



A study to determine residual cur- 

 rents off the southern west coast of 

 Florida. 



KOFOID, CHARLES ATWOOD. 



1911. Dinoflagellata of the San Diego re- 

 gion. IV. The genus Gonyaulax , with 

 notes on its skeletal nnorphology and a 

 discussion of its generic and specific 

 characters. Univ. Calif. Publ. Zool. 

 8(4):187-287. 



Reported great injury to benthic 

 species by Gonyaulax polyedra . In some 



cases water discoloration extended for 

 several miles. He also mentioned an 

 outbreak of yellow water caused by 

 Gymnodinium flavum and accompanied 

 by great luminescence. 



KOFOID, CHARLES ATWOOD, and OLIVE 

 SWEZY. 

 1921. The free-living unarmored Dino- 

 flagellata. Univ. Calif., Mem. 5:1-562. 



Gymnodinium sanguineum was cited 

 by Okamura as injuring fish in Japan. 



LACKEY, JAMES B. 



1956. Known geographic range of Gym- 

 nodinium brevis Davis. Quart. J. Fla. 

 Acad. Sci. 19(1):71, 



Reported obtaining Gymnodinium 

 breve in two out of four water samples 

 collected at Trinidad. The samples with 

 G. breve were taken on March 30 and 

 April 1, 1955, at a temperature of 69 

 to 70.5° F. 



"According to commercial fishermen, 

 there is a yearly fish kill about the 

 first of the year, which is not always 

 catastrophic, but might bedue to brevis . 

 So well-known is this that ithas become 

 the basis of a study of areal ocean cur- 

 rents as affected by meteorology and 

 the flow of the Orinoco River, emptying 

 its nutrient rich waters into the Gulf 

 of Paria." 



LACKEY, JAMES B. 



1958. Effects of fertilization on receiving 

 waters. Sewage Industr. Wastes 

 30(11):1411-1415. [Cited from Biol. 

 Abstr.] 



Adverse effects of fertilization of 

 receiving waters by sewage or other 

 sources are briefly reviewed. Toxic 

 effects produced by algal blooms, such 

 as the Florida red-tide Gymnodinium 

 brevis and Prymnesium , which occur 

 in stock- watering ponds, are mentioned. 

 Adverse esthetic and physical effects 

 of eutrophication in such locations as 

 the Madison, Wis., lakes, and Lake 

 Washington at Seattle, and interferences 

 with treatment of the domestic water 

 supply are cited. Extreme diurnal 

 dissolved-oxygen fluctuation may also 

 result from formation of algal blooms. 

 Author concluded that adverse effects 

 of admission of mineralized sewage 

 treatment effluents to receiving water 

 outweigh the possible benefits of stim- 

 ulating growth of higher living forms. 



45 



