eating shellfish from a red tide infected 

 area] is emphasized by La Cossitt (5) 

 in a popular journal." 



LANGMUIR, IRVING. 



1938. Surface motion of water induced by 

 wind. Science 87(2250):119-123. [Cited 

 by Ryther, 1955, and Pomeroy et al., 

 1956.] 



Discusses the accumulation of float- 

 ing objects in streaks parallel with the 

 prevailing wind by wind-driven convec- 

 tion cells. 



LASKER, REUBEN, and F. G. WALTON SMITH. 

 1954. Red tide. In Paul S. Galtsoff (coordi- 

 nator), Gulf of Mexico: its origin, 

 waters, and marine life, p. 173-176. 

 Fish Wildl. Serv., Fish. Bull. 55. 



This paper reviews red-tide out- 

 breaks and factors which might cause 

 overblooming of Gymnodiniunn brevis . 

 The authors discounted the theory that 

 blooming G^. brevis is caused by up- 

 welling of nutrient- rich water along 

 Florida's west coast. 



One possible cause given was in- 

 creased phosphorus concentration, 

 either by accunnulation by G^. brevis 

 itself or by convergence of phosphorus- 

 rich water masses. 



It is also theorized that "The con- 

 centration of nutrients may have been 

 the result of the lateral or vertical 

 migration of some organism or or- 

 ganisms other than Gymnodinium . . . ." 

 [p. 175.] 



In a personal communication, George 

 L. Clarke, of Harvard University theo- 

 rized that "vertical migration linked 

 with a subsequent horizontal concentra- 

 tion due to convergences of water 

 masses may be the complete solution." 



In 1950, phosphate deposits covering 

 a 25-mile area were discovered off 

 Tannpa, Fla. ". . . The coincidence of 

 these deposits with the area in which 

 red tide outbreaks have occurred sug- 

 gests that this may be a partial explana- 

 tion of phosphorus availability. 



"The problem presented is to account 

 for periodic releases of nutrient salts 

 from these bottom deposits. Possible 

 explanations include shifts due to cata- 

 clysmic upsets in the ocean bottom or 

 simple mechanical shifting of bottom 

 muds due to strong bottom cur- 

 rents. . . ." [p. 175.] 



River drainage was suggested as a 

 source of mineral deposits; however, 

 ". . . The remoteness of places like 

 Key West and Cape Sable from river 

 drainage areas where rich phosphate 

 deposits are known to exist renders 



this explanation doubtful. . . ." [p. 175- 

 176.] 



LEBOUR, MARIE V. 



1925. The dinoflagellates of northern seas. 

 Mar. Biol. Lab., Plymouth, England, 

 172 p. 



LEES, G. M. 



1937. "Black Sea" conditions in the Arabian 

 Sea. Amer. Ass. Petrol, Geol., Bull. 

 21(12):1579-1582. 



LEWIS, GEORGE J., JR., and NORRIS W. 

 RAKES TR AW. 

 1955. Carbohydrate in sea water, J. Mar, 

 Res. 14(3):253-258. 



Gives anthrone method of determining 

 carbohydrates . 



LONG, E. JOHN. 



1953. The red tide hits and runs. Nature 

 Mag. 46(3):125-128. [Cited from Biol. 

 Abstr.] 



The occurrence of the "red tide" 

 dinoflagellate, Gymnodinium brevis , is 

 discussed. Water samples taken during 

 red tide have excess of N and P. Some 

 relation is thought to exist between the 

 heavy discharges of fresh water from 

 the rivers of southwest Florida and the 

 occurrence of the red tide. 



LUCAS, C. E. 



1947. The ecological effects of external 

 metabolites. Biol. Rev. 22(3):270-295. 

 [Cited from Ryther, 1955.] 



LUCAS, C. E. 



1949. External metabolites and ecological 

 adaptation. Symp. Soc. Exp. Biol. III. 

 Selective toxicity and antibiotics, p. 

 336-356, Academic Press, Inc., New 

 York. [Cited from Ryther, 1955.] 



LUND, E. J. 



1935. Some facts relating to the occur- 

 rences of dead and dying fish on the 

 Texas coast during June, July, and 

 August 1935. Tex. Game Fish Oyster 

 Comm., Annu. Rep. for the fiscal year 

 1934-35:47-50. 



Gives observations on dead fish 

 washed ashore in the vicinity of Port 

 Aransas from June 30 to August 13. 

 Most of the fish were in an advanced 

 state of decay when they washed ashore. 



"The escape of irritating 'gas', dis- 

 solved in the sea water was facilitated 

 by prevailing winds blowing on shore. 

 Appearance of 'gas' was always asso- 

 ciated with the simultaneous or imme- 

 diately previous appearance of dead 

 fish. ... [p. 48.] 



51 



