The compounds toxic at 0.04 p. p.m. 

 are being tested against other marine 

 organisms to determine their specificity 

 for the red-tide organism. 



MATODA, S. 



1944. Sea and plankton. Kawade Shobo Publ., 

 235 p. [Cited from FishandCobb, 1954.] 



According to Fish and Cobb, Matoda 

 said observations by K. Nakazawa in- 

 dicated that early larvae of mollusks 

 and crustaceans, which breathe through 

 the body surface, survive in discolored 

 water, while older forms with special- 

 ized respiratory gills are killed when 

 these organs become completely 

 covered with the disintegrating bodies 

 of dinoflagellates. These and similar 

 observations by K. Oda on oysters in 

 Gokasho Bay when Gymnodinium 

 mikimoti Miyaki and Kon-iinani swarmed 

 in 1934, led to the conclusion that the 

 detrimental effect is of a physical 

 rather than chemical nature. 



MAY, BILLIE Z. 



1964. A collection of data in reference to 

 red tide outbreaks during 1963. 6. En- 

 vironmental chemistry: January through 

 May, 1963. Fla. Bd. Conserv., Mar. 

 Lab., p. 108-121. 



For 18 stations in Tampa Bay and 

 adjacent waters in January through 

 May, 1 963, author gives salinity, oxygen, 

 calcium, total phosphate, surface chlo- 

 rophyll A, and ultra-violet absorption 

 values (given as optical density on a 

 Beckman DU spectrophotometer with 

 a 1 cm. cell; measured 220 m^ ). Samples 

 were filtered before measurements with 

 a millipore HA filter of 0.8 pore size. 



The author ascribed the variations in 

 the optical-density readings to the pres- 

 ence of dissolved organics, citing Arm- 

 strong and Boalch (1961). The optical- 

 density readings are fairly well 

 correlated with salinity. For nine of 

 the K stations taken each month from 

 February through May a correlation 

 of -0.75 indicates much higher absorp- 

 tion of light as the sea water becomes 

 diluted with river water. Plotting of 

 the optical- density readings against 

 chlorophyll A for the same stations 

 shows also an increase in optical den- 

 sity as chlorophyll A increases. 



McFARREN, EARL F. 



1963. Human illness produced by eating 

 Sarasota and Charlotte County, Florida, 

 oysters, I. Analysis of sannples. Robert 

 A. Taft Sanitary Eng. Center, Public 

 Health Service, p. 1-4. 



Assays on mice suggested that the 

 poison from the oysters resembled 



"ciguatera" fish poison rather than the 

 usual paralytic shellfish type. Samples 

 from all five Gulf States in December 

 1962, were negative except for oysters 

 of Sarasota and Charlotte Counties. 



McFARREN, E. F., M, L. SCHAFER, J. E. 



CAMPBELL, K. H. LEWIS, E. T, JENSEN, 



and E. J, SCHANTZ. 



1957. Public health significance of paralytic 



shellfish poison: a review of literature 



and unpublished research. Proc. Nat, 



Shellfish. Ass. 47:114-141. 



The significant feature of this paper 

 is failure to mention either G. breve 

 or oysters in connection with shellfish 

 poisoning. See McFarren et al. (1960). 



McFARREN, EARL F., MARY L. SCHAFER, 



JEPTHA E. CAMPBELL, KEITH H. LEWIS, 



EUGENE T. JENSEN, and EDWARD J. 



SCHANTZ. 



i960. Public health significance of paralytic 



shellfish poison. Advances Food Res. 



10:135-179. 



In this report it is stated that the 

 only known case of shellfish poisoning 

 from eating oysters occurred inBaynes 

 Sound (western side of the Gulf of 

 Georgia), British Columbia, from eat- 

 ing cultivated Japanese oysters, 

 Crassostrea gigas . 



". . .The appearance of the poison in 

 the oysters was accompanied by a 

 much higher level of toxicity in butter 

 clams in adjacent areas, while little 

 neck clams, razor clams, and cockles 

 exhibited a relatively lower level of 

 toxicity. In this instance, the oysters 

 appeared to rid themselves of the poison 

 more rapidly than other bivalves after 

 the ingestion of the toxic plankton had 

 ceased." [p. 145.] 



McKEE, JACK EDWARD, and HAROLD W. 



WOLF (EDITORS). 



1963. Water quality criteria. 2d ed. The 



Resources Agency Calif. State Water 



Quality Control Board, Publ. 3-A, 



548 p. 



The section on marine flagellates 

 (p. 323-324) gives various summary 

 statements and sources from whichthey 

 were derived. The statements, however, 

 have not been updated; so theories put 

 forth a number of years ago which 

 seenned reasonable in the light of exist- 

 ing knowledge, but which have been 

 superseded by later work, are given as 

 facts. For instance, it is stated that 

 sulfides are essential for mass develop- 

 ment of the red-tide organism, giving 



54 



