as authority an anonymous "fill in" note 

 on the bottom, of a page of the Progres- 

 sive Fish-Culturist for July 1953. 



Mclaughlin, john j. a. 



1956. The physiology and nutritional re- 

 quirements of some chrysomonads. 

 Ph.D. Thesis, New York Univ., 65 p. 

 [Reference from Ray and Wilson, 1957, 

 p. 493. Non vidi.] 



Ray and Wilson (1957) stated, 

 "McLaughlin working with the sameor- 

 ganisnn | P r ymne s ium parvum ] reported 

 that cultures grown in an alkaline 

 medium were more toxic than those 

 grown in an acid medium. P. parvum 

 cultures (grown in alkaline nnedia), 

 rendered nontoxic by lowering the pH 

 to 6.0, regain their toxicity when made 

 alkaline (Shilo and Aschner, 1953; 

 McLaughlin)." 



Mclaughlin, j. j, a. 



1958. Euryhaline chrysomonads: Nutrition 

 and toxigenesis in Prymnesium parvum , 

 with notes on Isochrysis galbana and 

 Monochrysis lutheri . J. Protozool. 5( 1 ): 

 75-81. 



"The nutritional requirennents of 

 3 isolates of Prymnesium parvum (2 Is- 

 raeli, 1 Scottish) included vitamin Bj2 

 and thiamine. For comparison, 2 other 

 brackish chrysomonads were studied: 

 Monochrysis lutheri isolated by Droop 

 in Scotland and Isochrysis galbana puri- 

 fied by McLaughlin from a culture ob- 

 tained from the Plymouth laboratory. 



"The isolates of Prymnesium parvunn 

 and Isochrysis galbana had a molecular 

 Bj2 specificity like Ochromonas 

 malhamensis : no response to Factor B, 

 pseudovitamin Bj2 , Factor A or Factor 

 H. M^. lutheri , in contrast, responded 

 to pseudovitanain B i2> Factor H, and 

 Factor A. 



"Thiannine was essential; 1.0 ug. % 

 allowed full growth of P. parvum . The 

 NaCl concentration foF good growth 

 was 0.3-5.0%; growth was possible from 

 6-12%. Dark growth was not achieved. 



"Ammonia, as suggested from its use 

 in suppressing outbreaks of P. parvum , 

 was sharply inhibitory, less so at high 

 concentrations of NaCl or at acid pH. 



"Nitrate, annmonia, arginine, aspara- 

 gine, naethionine, histidine, alanine, gly- 

 cine, serine, proline, leucine, isoleu- 

 cine, tyrosine, aspartic and glutamic 

 acids, acetylurea, and creatine served 

 as nitrogen sources in both acid and 

 alkaline media. 



"The phosphate requirement of P. 

 parvum and M. lutheri and Isochrysis 



galbana was satisfied by inorganic 

 phosphate, commercial glycerophos- 

 phate, yeast adenylic acid, cytidylic 

 acid, monoethyl phosphate, and ribo- 

 flavin monophosphate. 



"Laboratory cultures in defined media 

 of the isolates of P. parvum were 

 toxigenic to Lebistes and Gambusia . 

 Culture fluids from alkaline media were 

 more toxic than those from acid media, 

 as previously noted in Israel. 



"Culture media suitable for produc- 

 tion of large quantities of these or- 

 ganisms were developed." [p. 75.] 



McLaughlin, john j. a., and luigi 



PROVASOLI. 

 1957. Nutrition requirements and toxicity 

 of two marine Amphidinium . J. 

 Protozool. 4 (suppl.):7. 



Amphidinium klebsii (?) and A. 

 rhyncocephalum require vitamins Bj2 . 

 thiamine, and biotin. 



MEAD, A. D. 



1898. Peridinium and the 'red water' in 

 Narragansett Bay. Science, n. s. 8(203): 

 707-709; also in Rep. U.S. Comm. Fish 

 Fish. 1899, p. CXLIL 



MENON, M. a. S. 



1945. Observations on the seasonal dis- 

 tribution of the plankton of the 

 Trivandrum coast. Proc. Indian Acad. 

 Sci. B22:31-62. [Cited by Ryther, 1955.] 



Blooms of Gymnodinium sp. occur 

 annually during June to September along 

 the Trivandrum Coast of India, following 

 rains and diatom maxima. 



MITSUKURI, K. 



1905. The cultivation of marine and fresh- 

 water animals in Japan. U.S. Bur. 

 Fish., Bull. 24:259-289. 



"As in all culture enterprises, there 

 are many enennies of the pearl oyster, 

 as well as unexpected difficulties in the 

 way of its culture. Octopus , Codium, 

 Clione (sponges), all sometimes play a 

 sad havoc among the mollusks, but the 

 most dreaded enemy of all is the 'red 

 current' or 'red tide.' This is an im- 

 mense accumulation of a Dinoflagellata, 

 Gonyaulax, causing discoloration of the 

 sea water, and, in some way not well 

 accounted for, causing in its wake an 

 immense destruction of marine orga- 

 nisms, large and small." [p. 284.] 



MIYAJIMA, M. 



1934. La question de "I'eau rouge" un peril 

 pour les huitres perlieres. Bull. Soc. 

 Gen. Agr. Peche 41:97-110. [Non vidi.] 



55 



